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Front 1

Topic 1. Source 4. "Beauty of whatever kind in its supreme development invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones..."

Back 1

The quote shows the reason behind Poe's use of melancholy in his works.

Front 2

Topic 2. Source 4. "The next desideratum was a pretext for the continuous use of the one word 'nevermore'... Here, then, immediately arose the idea of a non-reasoning creature capable of speech... a Raven... infinitely more in keeping with the intended tone."

Back 2

The quote shows the reason behind Poe's choice of a raven in The Raven. Also, it shows that Poe wanted to set a certain tone with the inclusion of the raven.

Front 3

Topic 3. Source 4. "Now, never losing sight of the object- supremeness or perfection at all points, I asked myself- 'Of all melancholy topics what, according to the universal understanding of mankind, is the most melancholy?' Death, was the obvious reply."

Back 3

The quote shows the reason behind why Poe focused on death in his works.In The Raven, the narrator is obsessed with the death of a loved one while in Tell Tale Heart, the narrator is obsessed with killing someone.

Front 4

Topic 3. Source 4. "From what I have already explained at some length the answer here also is obvious- 'When it most closely allies itself to Beauty: the death of then a beautiful woman is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world, and equally is it beyond doubt that the lips best suited for such topic are those of a bereaved lover.'"

Back 4

The quote show why Poe makes the narrator in The Raven obsessed with the death of a loved one.

Front 5

Topic 2. Source 4. "I saw that I could make the first query propounded by the lover... until at length the lover... excited to superstition and half in that species of despair which delights in self-torture... because he experiences a frenzied pleasure in so modelling his questions as to receive from the expected 'Nevermore' the most delicious because the most intolerable of sorrows."

Back 5

The quote shows the logical reasoning behind the illogical interaction between the Raven and the narrator.

Front 6

Topic 1. Source 4. "The rave addressed, answers with its customary word, 'Nevermore'- a word which finds immediate echo in the melancholy heart of the student, who, giving utterance aloud to certain thoughts suggested by the occasion, is again startled by the fowl's repetition of 'Nevermore.'"

Back 6

The quote shows the reasoning and the effect of the repetition of the word "Nevermore" in The Raven. The author is trying to set a melancholy mood in the poem through the use of the raven and its repetition of the word "Nevermore."

Front 7

Topic 3. Source 1. "Eagerly I wished the morrow;--vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow--sorrow for the lost Lenore-- For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore--"

Back 7

The quote shows the narrator's obsession over Lenore. The reference to angels shows that Lenore is dead and that the narrator is unable to get over the death of a loved one named Lenore.

Front 8

Topic 1,2. Source 1. "Quoth the Raven, 'Nevermore.'"

Back 8

The repetition of the quote gives the melancholy mood the author wants. The changes in the narrator in addition to the growing meaning of the quote gives a melancholy mood. Furthermore, the fact that the narrator is hearing a raven talk to him shows his loss of sanity.

Front 9

Topic 1. Source 1. "'Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul has spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken!--quit the bust above my door! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!'"

Back 9

The outburst of the narrator shows the inability to control his life. The lack of control leads to a melancholy mood as the readers watch the narrator gradually lose control.

Front 10

Topic 1. Source 1. "And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted--nevermore!"

Back 10

The quote ends The Raven on a eerie note. The narrator is said to be unable to escape the raven and its control while he suffers. This hint of eternal suffering presents a melancholy mood. Also, the repetition of the word "nevermore" adds to the eeriness of the statement.

Front 11

Topic 2. Source 2. "How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily--how calmly I can tell you the whole story."

Back 11

The quote shows how the author just directly tells of the narrator's insanity. The fact that the narrator wants to prove that he is sane just shows his insanity.

Front 12

Topic 3. Source 2. "Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees --very gradually --I made up my mid to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever."

Back 12

The quote shows the reason behind why the narrator decided to kill the old man. The difficulty the narrator experiences afterward, having to prove to others of his sanity, shows the insanity of the narrator.

Front 13

Topic 2. Source 2. "It was the beating of the old man's heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage."

Back 13

The quote shows the insanity of the narrator as he gains the courage to kill a man from hearing the man's heart beat. The sound of the heartbeat is introduced here and continues throughout the story, adding to the mood.

Front 14

Topic 1,3. Source 2. "If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned, and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs."

Back 14

The quote sets a despondent mood with the narrator pleading that he is sane by explaining how well he killed the old man. The pleading is a result of the difficulty the narrator has of the death of the old man.

Front 15

Topic 1. Source 2. "There was nothing to wash out --no stain of any kind --no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all --ha! ha!"

Back 15

The quote sets the despondent mood by showing the narrator's gradual lose of sanity. The act of laughing about how he killed someone adds to the already concrete belief that the narrator is crazy.

Front 16

Topic 2. Source 2. "Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! --no, no! They heard! --they suspected...But anything was better than this agony! Anything was more tolerable than this derision! I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! and now --again! --hark! louder! louder! louder! louder!"

Back 16

The quote shows the reaction of the narrator to the heartbeat of the old man he killed. The narrator begins to freak out when he thinks that the police could hear the heartbeat of the old man. The personification of the heartbeat as well as the chaos and despair the mind of the narrator descends into shows the insanity of the narrator.

Front 17

Topic 1. Source 6. "David R. Saliba has recently argued that Edgar Allan Poe's 'structural omission of an objective viewpoint for the reader [in 'The Tell-Tale Heart'] forces the reader to experience the tale with no point of reference outside the framework of the story'. 'The reader', says Saliba, 'is led through the story by the narrator with no sense of reality other than what the narrator has to say'.

Back 17

The quote explains how Poe sets the moods he desire through insane narrators. The readers have to follow the insane narrators allowing Poe to set the moods he desire.

Front 18

Topic 1. Source 7. "I would define, in brief, the Poetry of words as The Rhythmical Creation of Beauty. Its sole arbiter is Taste. With the Intellect or with the Conscience, it has only collateral relations. Unless incidentally, it has no concern whatever either with Duty or with Truth."

Back 18

Poe defines a poetry. This adds to the other source that said that Poe was trying to express beauty through the melancholy mood he set.