Hurricanes And Extratropical Cyclones (Didn't Finish) 26

Front 1

First of all, what are cyclones?

Back 1

1.) Area of of low pressure and rotating winds
-norther hemisphere is counter-clockwise
-southern hemisphere is clockwise

2.) Tropical and Extratropical? Based on origin and core temperature

3.) Characterized by intensity

Front 2

Tropical Cyclones

Back 2

1.) Form over tropical ocean water (5-20 degrees)
2.) Have warm cores
3.) Hurricanes, high winds, heavy rain, surges, tornadoes
4.) Gets energy from warm ocean air and latent heat

Front 3

Extratropical Cyclones

Back 3

1.) Form over land or water in temperate regions (30-70 degrees)
2.) Have cool cores
3.) Strong windstorms (Polar jet stream and subtropical jet stream), rains, surges, snowstorms, blizzards
4.) Most are not very severe
5.) Derive energy from temperature contrasts along fronts

Front 4

Nor'easter

Back 4

Extratropical!

Moves northward along US East coast

Front 5

Hurricanes

Back 5

Tropical!

-In Atlantic or Eastern Pacific Oceans
-Are classified at speeds of 74 mph
-Thick layer of warm ocean water that is deep
-Steep vertical temperature gradient (atmosphere cools quickly when you increase altitude)
-Weak vertical wind shear

Front 6

Typhoons

Back 6

Tropical!

In Pacific Ocean
-West of International Date Line
-North of Equator

Front 7

Cyclone (cyclone) Ya na'mean?

Back 7

Tropical!

In Indian Ocean

Front 8

What is the Saffir-Simpson Scale?

Back 8

Classifies hurricanes by windspeed

1= winds 74-95 mph (Katrina and Irene)
5= winds 155 mph

Front 9

How to name a storm?

Back 9

Sometimes named after their origins

Needs to be approved by World Meteorological Organization
-named when winds=39 mph
-male/female names alternated
-reused every 6 years
-big storm names retired
-names are assigned sequentially each year from list for each origin

Front 10

What's a Tropical Disturbance?

Back 10

1.) Mass of thunderstorms lasting for >24 hrs
2.) Typically spans the width of 120 -370 mi
3.) Weak rotation cuz of Coriolis effect
4.) Ways they are formed:
-lines of convection
-Upper-level low pressure troughs
-Remnants of cold front
-Easterly waves of converging and diverging winds (like atlantic ocean hurricanes)

Front 11

Tropical Depression

Back 11

When tropical disturbance wind speeds begin to increase and spin

-forms a low pressure center

Front 12

Tropical STORM

Back 12

-Winds increase to 39 mph
-Storm is given a name
-Rainfall is intense but wind speeds are not like a hurricane

Front 13

Structure of Hurricanes

Back 13

Includes Rain Bands, Eyewall, and Eye
*see other notecard for descriptions

Warm, moist air spirals upward along EYEWALL (loses moisture as it rises) which causes dry air to sink back into center and air to flow out of the top (pic)

Front 14

Rain Bands in terms of a hurricane?

Back 14

Clouds that spiral inward around center (counterclockwise in northern hemisphere)

*They get more intense towards the center of the hurricane

Front 15

Eyewall

Back 15

Innermost band of clouds which contain the greatest WINDS and RAINFALL

Front 16

Eye

Back 16

Center of calm!

Narrow at surface, wider at top

Front 17

Paths of Hurricanes

Back 17

Controlled by Coriolis Effect
-Northern Hemisphere to right
-Can make a loop
-North atlantic, they are steered by Bermuda High

As it moves over land it loses energy because there isn't enough warm water (can become extratropical cyclone)

Front 18

Polar Jet Stream

Back 18

-Crosses US in winter and canada in summer
-High pressure ridges and low pressure troughs cause jet streams to bend (waves/meanders)
- ......

Front 19

Subtropical Jet Stream

Back 19

-Crosses Mexico and Florida, strongest in winter