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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Positivism
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Assumes that the scientific method is the only way to get the truth
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Empiricism
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Assumption: Experience is real, that reality is real
Different people experience the same way, observation is objective, only experience is real. Based on experience only |
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Relativism
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Everyone has the potential to see things differently and fill their blank slate
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Derived Characteristics
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Characteristics shared by a set of species that imply a common ancestor somewhere in the early past
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Primitive Characteristics
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Arose early in evolutionary history and not useful for figuring out low level of orders
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Derived features of primates
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collarbone
5 fingers closely spaced orbitals allowing for 3d vision shortened muzzle and snout Unique fissure pattern of the cerebral cortex |
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Haplorhini vs Sephpsirhini
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Higher level primates versus Lower level primates
monkeys, apes, tairais, loss of wet spot on the nose |
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Australopiths - Discovery
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bipedal apes, 5 mya - 1.5 mya
Taung child discovered in 1934 by dart... A. Africanus. People didn't except because java man and because of piltdown man Pelvis bone, 3 muscles |
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Olduvai Gorge
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in SE africa, where there were tow volcanoes 1.8 mya and this caused a volcanic layers in which K/Ar can be used to date layers
established antiquity of australopits |
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Paranthropus Robustus
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Like A. Africanus.
Chimp sized brain case, large rear teeth more derived than we are, cheek teeth were a lot larger |
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O. Tagenensis
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Best available candidate for earliest hominin. Features might imply bipedalism...bycondular angle.
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Australopith features
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Small brain
large forward projecting faces, ape like noeses huge cheek teeth, long arms, curved finger bones...apelike ability to climb |
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A. Afarensis
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3.9-3.8 mya
Lucy |
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Homo Habilis
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Oldest known common reconized species of Homo
Two sizes, one could be rudolphensis could be a type of dimorphism Stone tools- flaked stone artifacts appear abruptly flakes that only humans could have introduced... Oldowan tradition |
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Oldowan tradition
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Persisted from 2.6 mya -1.7 mya
shape of tool depends on what started with Mostly hunting and gathering. Mostly scavenging. |
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H. Ergaster
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1.5 mya evolved, beginning of the acheulean tradition
Common african species internal nose, no hair, dark skin, anatomically modern human from the neck down. Truly human Cranial capacity of 900 cc When left Africa went to the east to from homo erectus, java version and the chinese version |
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Acheulean
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St. acheul in N. France
East Africa from 1.7-1.6 mya resumably evolved rom the Oldowan tradition |
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Dmansi 2700
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H. Habilis fossils found in Georgia that are like Habilis not ergaster, might have to redifine what it is
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H. Heidelbergensis
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Entered Europe 600-500k
slowly evolved into neanderthals in Europe Turned into Homo Sapiens in Africa |
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Sima de los Huesos
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Shows that neanderthals were evolving in Europe 500kya
strange age, single artifact |
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Toralba & Ambrona
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North, central spain among the earliest Acheulean sites in Europe
500kya, done through faunal dating. Mostly proves that people were scavenging and gathering because can tell from the elephants |
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H. Antecessor
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Gran Dolina
Mixture between heidelbergensis and neanderthal found in spain |
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Neanderthals
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Discovered in 1856, first thought to be the skull of an oddly diseased human, 1886 two other skils found
Forward projection of face on the midline bumps and crannies on on the mastoid region brain case, large brain case marks on animal bones, cannibalism, too use globular skulls from rear peculiar configuration of bony labryinth in the inner ear -broad trunks and sort arms heavily muscled and built bones Neanderthals are not ancestral to cromagnons Mousterian (lower paleolithic) middle stone age Left no indication of religion. Probably competed with cromagnons |
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Popper's Worlds
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World 1: physical objects
World 2: Subjective experience, consciousness of feelings, things thought processes World 3: theoretical systems and ideas in and of themselves...mathematics, physics... |
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Meaning
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Private and public, internalization and motivation
Logical Meaning - public, abstract a function of ideas, not words Subjective Meaning - private mental/subjective a function of worlds |
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Wernicke
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phonology intact, grammar intact overlearned and overused phrases
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FOX P2
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gene related to language and use og grammar
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Poverty of input
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students don't hear every single word that they need to know for the language
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Proof of the innateness of language
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Universality of language
Grammar - quick, pidgin to creole, simon |
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D'andrade
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ideas are necessary but not sufficient
Model A - Human goals are random, not good predictors of behaviors Model B- Human motives and goals are commonly shared, cultural ideas that can be connected to these motives are good indicators of behavior. Model C. - cultural ideas are not predictive of behavior, because people are influenced by other things. Model D - Culture is defined as ideas, strong ideas and institutions, the latter two affect culture more than the other two. |
