Humanities-The Humanistic Tradition

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The belief that the forces of Nature are inhabited by spirits

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Animism

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The sum total of those things (including traions, techniques, material goods, and symbol systems ) that people have invented, developed, and transmitted.

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Culture

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("wedge-shaped") one of humankind's earliest writing systems, consisting of wedge-shaped marks impressed into clay by means of a reed stylus.

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Cuneiform

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A stone tomb formed by two posts capped by a lintel

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Dolmen

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(Greek, "scared sign") the pictorgraphic script of ancient Egypt

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Hieroglyph

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Any of a family of bipedal primate mammals, including modern humans and their ancestors, the earliest of which is Australopithecus

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Hominid

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A sign that represents an idea or a thing

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Ideogram

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(Also French, Cire-Perdu) a method of metal cassting in which a figure is modeled inwax, then enclosed in a clay mold that is fired; the wax melts, and molten metal is poured into replace it, finally the clay mold is removed and the solid metal form is polished

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Lost Wax Method

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A large, roughly shaped stone, often used in ancient architectural construction

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Megalith

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A sign that represents a sound

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Phonogram

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a pictorial symbol used in humankind's earliest systems of writing

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Pictograph

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Having many or various colors

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Polychrome

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The simplest form of architectrual construction, consisting of vertical memebers (posts) and supporting horizontals (lintyels)

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Post-and-Lintel

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The study of history before written records

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prehistory

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an upright stone slab or pillar

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Stele

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A set of rules or standards used to establish proportions

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Canon

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The theory of the origins, evolution, and sturcture of the universe

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Cosmology

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A sequence of rulers from the same family

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Dynasty

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(Italian, "Fresh") a method of painting on walls or ceilings suraced with fresh, moist, lime plaster.

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Fresco

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A hall whose roof is supported by columns

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Hypostyle

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Literally "accompanied by the lyre", hence, verse that is meant to be sung rather than spoken; usually characterized by individual and personal emotion

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Lyric

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Early rectangular Egyptian tomb with sloping sides and a flat roof

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Mastaba

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A unit of measurement used to determine proportion

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Module

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A single or sole ruler

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monarch

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A tall, four sided pillar that tapers to a pyramidal apex

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Obelisk

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A reed-like plant from which the ancient Egyptians made paper

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Papyrus

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The belief in many gods

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Polytheism

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A massive gateway in the form of a pair of truncated pyramids

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pylon

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A four sided structure rising to a peak

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Pyramid

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A sculptural techniques in which figures or forms are carved either to project from the background surface (rased relief) or cut away below the background level (sunk relief); the degree of relieft is designated as high, low, or sunken.

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Relief

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A figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared

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Simile

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Rule by god or god's representative

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Theocracy

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A type of music in which two or more groups of voices or instruments alternate with one another.

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Antiphonal

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The chief singer of the liturgy

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Cantor

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Contract; the bond between the Hebrew people and their god

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Covenant

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A state achieved miltarily by the unification of territories under a single sovereign power

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Empire

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A long narrative poem that recounts the deeds of a legendary or historical hero in his quest for meaning or identity

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Epic

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The rituals for public worship

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Liturgy

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A seven branched candelabrum

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Menorah

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The belief in one and only one god

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Monotheism

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A type of music in which a single voice answers another voice or a chorus

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Responsory

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A trumpet made of a ram's horn, used to summon Jews to prayer

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Shofar

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The Jewish house for worship and religous study

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Synagogue

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(Hebrew, "ionstruction, ", "law", or "teaching") the first five bookds of the Hebrew Bible; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy

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Torah

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A terraced tower of rubble and brick that served ancient Mesopotamians as a temple-Shrine

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Ziggurat