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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Feudalism & manorialism:
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agrarian economy, surplus traded by barter
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In Feudalism and manorialism the family could keep how much of their products?
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the normal family could probably keep about 1/3 of their products, enough to save and stuff.
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Early markets met where?
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Early markets where informal and met at cross-roads always near castles. These where later formalized because people didnt want to drag their goods home.
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"Tun"
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A town: or enclosure or walled area.
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"Burg"
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Hamburg: fortified community.
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Bourgeoisie means?
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In french Bourgeoisie means a person in a fortified town. (see meaning of "burg")
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what weather change occurred in the 11th and 12 centuries?
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Weather improved, and there was excess crops therefore a surplus in trade.
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The crusades had what impact?
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The crusades opened trade with the east. Warmer climates in the east lead to the growth of spices which were cherished in europe.
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Dukes of Champagne started?
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Trade fairs and tolls. This stabilized and increased trade.
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Describe the history of the towns?
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1. Athens: Hellenistic: [kings palace, and had political focus (cosmopolis)]
2. Roman: army camp, military focus (civitas) 3. Medieval: market, economic focus (tun or town) ---- -Greek and Roman: interacted with rural areas. - Medieval towns: separate and independent from rural areas. |
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Middle ages developed the middle class. This was called?
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The burgers or bourgeoisie (neither surf nor aristocrat)
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In return for charter to use the land towns did what?
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Paid Lords who owned the land.
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Surfs who made it to the city received what privilege?
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If they staid in the city for 1 year and 1 day they were free.
Therefore cities became synonymous with freedom. |
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Rome had over 1 million inhabitants at its peak, conversely medieval cities had?
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Medieval cites had 40,000 people.
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A town became a city when it received a?
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cathedral.
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Merchant guilds did what?
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- Governed the market place. Set hours and days of operation.
- Established weights and quality of goods |
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Craft guilds did what?
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Increased specialization for a certain good.
Supervised production of goods and training of craftsmen. |
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You usually sent your son to be an apprentice at what age?
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7-8 years
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What was a Journeyman?
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Licensed artisans, paid by the day. Came from the french word "journee" meaning paid by the day.
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What powers did you receive as a Master?
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Operate workshops, train others, and your voted in the guild.
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As a guildsmen your work that was your application to become a master was a?
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Masterpiece.
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Guilds apart from their economic benefits would also?
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1. Throw marriages
2. Bail out of jail 3. Care for sick 4. Give funeral for dead. |
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The 13th century Commercial Revolution brought what?
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partnerships, credit, God coins/banking, capitalism.
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Problems of Medieval Cities?
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Pollution, overcrowding, crime, disease (Black Death)
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Black death in 1348 caused what impact?
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After about 50 years 1/3 of the population died. Some say 50%.
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Lecture means?
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In french lecture means "to read." This is because men would pay other men with books to read to them or educate them. Creating the demand for universities.
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First university?
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Bologna of Italy 1116
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What is Scholasticism?
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classical philosophy and medieval theology are not mutually exclusive is scholasticism.
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Dialectics means?
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The pro and con dialogue between two people.
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Thomas Auinas created what?
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The Summa Theologica or two-fold mode of truth. You can reconcile faith and reason.
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Encyclopedia means?
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encyclos (to encircle)
pedia (to educate) "To encircle education" |
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Late Roman Empire had what problems?
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1. Over expansion
2. Disunity 3. Migrations/invasions 4. Loss of tax base |
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Who laid a grid over towns?
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Diocletian
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Diocletian created what?
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Created dioceses or grids over each town and placed administrators over each.
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Who started persecuted the Christians at the beginning of the fall of Rome?
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Diocletian
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Edward Gibbon stated that Rome didnt fall it what?
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Transmuted from a Pagan Latin state, to a Christian Germanic state.
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The Edict of Milan was
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The edict of toleration for Christianity
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Constantine did three major things:
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1. Battle of Belvian Bridge
2. Edict of Milan 3. Council of Nicea |
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what is Council of Nicea about?
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The relationship between Jesus and the Father.
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Constantine contributed to the transmutation of Christianity with the battle of?
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Milvian Bridge
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Who made Christianity the state religion of Rome and forbade Paganism?
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Theodosius
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During the dark ages, one of the Germanic tribes moved south with the weather change. The Hynes brought what to southern Europe?
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Saddles, stirrups, and a type of art call "Cosanae."
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The city of Rome at its height at about 1 million people declined to?
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50,000 people
There was no law or order during these times. |
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During the fall of Rome society lost?
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Minted coins, trade, communication, roads, cities, housing
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A small portable piece of art that survived the fall of Rome?
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A pin encrusted with gems, with a Christian fish on it.
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Who was Charlemagne?
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1. Established Spanish fortified frontier to stop the Muslims.
2. Created a small Renaissance called the Carolingian by inviting Scholars from across Europe. 3. Divided his empire with administrators. |
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Sent by Charlemagne what does Miss Dominci mean?
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send out
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Charlemagne died. Who was his own son?
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Louis the Pious
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Who was Louis the Pious?
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1. Nicknamed pious because of his affiliation to the church.
2. When Louis died he had three remaining children. |
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What is the Treaty of Verdun?
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1. Started in 843 A.D.
2. Divided Charlemagne's empire amongst his three sons? |
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What three sons was the empire divided to in the Treaty of Verdun?
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Lothair:
Louis the German: Kingdom of Louis Charles the Bald: Kingdom of Charles |
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The class disparity with the rise of Feudalism and Manorialism was?
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10% Aristocracy
90% Peasant |
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What is Feudalism?
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A method of dividing land to allocate power through Lords, military protection,
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Feudum means in German?
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property
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Lords means?
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Owner
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The Vassals would divide their land among the serfs which made up what part of the population?
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95%
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Serfs received how much of the produce they made of the Vassals land back?
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2/3s. The vassal kept 1/3.
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Manorialism is?
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The economics of who gets what? how its traded? and where money goes/
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With Manorialism we see the treatement of women change how?
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Chivalry started, and lords wifes started to be called ladies.
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The impact of the crusades?
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- Killed way more jews and christians then Muslims.
- But opened trade between the east and west. |
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Who was Charles Martel? What does Martel mean?
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Hammered Islam out of Europe with the Battle of Tours in "732." When by the name Carolis so its called the Carolingian Empire. Martel means "the hammer."
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Who was Pepin the Short?
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Son of Charles Martel, appointed himself as king of the franks. Unjustly approved by the Pope because the Pope needed his military support against the Lombard.
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Unemployed knights fueled?
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The crusades
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