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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main difference between Michelangelos David and Berninis David |
Bernini's has a serpentine pose |
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Who is Caravaggio |
Most influential artist in Early Baroque, was a rebel |
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What is Tenebrism |
Contrasting large areas of darkness with smaller areas of light |
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What is a homoerotic painting? |
subtle and seductive |
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Theme |
musical idea that a composition is developed |
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Tempo |
speed of music |
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Texture
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blending of different instruments and voices |
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Who is Madalena Casulana |
Fist professional woman composer in Italy composed the Madrigal |
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What is a Madrigal |
fusing music with poetry |
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What is "word painting" |
Musical sounds over text to convey emotional content of the poem |
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Sonata |
1 or 2 instruments, 2 types of movement fast, slow, fast and slow, fast, slow, fast |
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concerto |
Two groups of instruments large and small, both groups play in contrast |
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what does "play in dialogue" |
play in contrast like the instruments are talking to eachother |
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Who is Giovanni Gabrieli |
Organist at St. Marks Cathedral in Venice |
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How did Gabrieli change church music |
Added 4 choirs and 2 brass ensembles in the balconies |
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Pianissimo |
performed very softly |
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Forte |
loud, strong |
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Forississimo |
very loud |
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Claudio Monteverdi |
Italian composer and priest influential in the Baroque era |
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Opus |
a composition or a set of compositions |
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What is an Opera |
dramatic work set to music from singers and instruments |
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What is Monteverdi's first Opera |
L'Orfeo based on Greek legend of Orpheus |
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What are the two forms of Italian Opera |
Opera seria and Opera buffa, a.k.a serious opera and comedic opera |
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camerata |
small chamber ochestra or choir |
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Who is Antonio Vivaldi |
Italian baroque composer |
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What kind of Concerto did Vivaldi compose |
violin concertos |
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What is a musical movement |
a self contained part of musical composition |
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How many movements make-up a typical Concerto |
Musical movements are all played together to form a concerto |
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What is the Ritornello, the Episode? |
Ritornello is a repeated passage of music to unify music. Pattern goes ritornello, episode, ritornello, and so on... |
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What is Modulation |
changing from one key to another |
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Lento |
slow |
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Adagio |
slowly |
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Allegretto |
fairly quick |
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Allegro |
fast |
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Presto |
very fast |
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Where is the city of Amsterdam |
Holland/Netherlands |
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What role did windmills play in Amsterdam |
Used to pump water out from the bogs to the sea |
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How did Dutch people protect the city |
Used dikes to flood the countryside |
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Hans Lippershey and what did he invent |
Dutch manufacturer of eyeglasses, created the telescope |
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Robert Hooke and what did he invent |
English scientist/philosopher, created the microscope |
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Who is Nicolas Copernicus |
Polish mathematician and astronomer who figured out that the sun is at the center |
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Heliocentric model of the universe |
sun at the center planets orbit it |
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Geocentric model of the universe |
Earth is the center of the universe |
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Francis Bacon |
wanted a inductive approach, known as the scientific method |
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Inductive Reasoning |
makes a broad generalizations from observations |
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Empirical method |
gaining knowledge by observation or experience |
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Who is Rene Descartes |
French, father of modern-day philosophy |
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Deductive Reasoning |
opposite of inductive |
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Why does Descartes doubt everything that can be reasonably doubted? |
What he thinks he knows might not be true |
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What can he not doubt? |
doubt itself |
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What is the meaning of Cogito Ergo Sum? |
I think therefore I am |
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Kepler |
German, made keplers laws of planetary motion |
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Galileo |
known for telescopic discoveries |
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Isaac Newton |
English law of gravitation |
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Memento Mori |
reminder of the vanity of materialism when it comes to mortality |
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Still Life |
Paintings of everyday life |
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Genre Painting |
Depicts everyday life |
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Landscape Painting |
2/3 of painting features the sky |
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Johannes Goedaert |
Specialized in still life |
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Jacob van Ruisdael |
Specialized in landscape |
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Jan Vermeer |
Specialized in Genre Scenes |
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Rembrandt Van Rijn |
One of the great Dutch painters known for light and shadow |
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George Frederick Handel |
German, British Baroque composer |
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How did German, Handel, become known as the Greatest English Composer? |
He became an English Citizen |
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What is an Oratorio and how does it differ from an opera? |
oratorio are concert pieces and opera's are musical theatre |
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Johann Sebastian Bach |
German composer |
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Monophonic |
One voice |
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Polyphonic |
Two or more voices around single melody |
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Cantata |
vocal composition with a instrumental counterpart |
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Toccata |
composition for keyboard |
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What is the musical term - Fugue? |
a short melody introduced by one part that is developed more by interweaving parts |
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What is the English translation of "Le Roi Soleil" |
The Sun King |
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What was the Louvre and what is it today? |
a fortress turned into a museum |
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Where is the Palace of Versailles and why is it important? |
France and it is where treaties are signed |
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What is the Hall of Mirrors? |
central gallery of the palace of versailles |
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Why did Louis XIV patronize the arts? |
To stay popular with the people |
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"Classical" |
symmetrical, clear, rational |
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"Baroque" |
asymmetrical, obscure, emotional |
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Peter Paul Rubens |
Influenced by Titian and Caravaggio painted for royal courts |
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Rubenesque |
Sensual expression in paintings |
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"Fleshing out" |
highlights how the human flesh folds and stretches |
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Which group people did Ruben prefer to paint? |
ordinary people |
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What type of perspective Ruben use? |
diagonal perspective |
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Who is Nicholas Poussin? |
Influenced by Raphael took a classical approach |
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How are Poussin's paintings different? |
Classical compared to Baroque |
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What religion dominated the English Court? |
Protestanism |
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Who is Charles I? |
King of England Married a French Catholic was executed |
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What event led to English Civil War? |
Charles I married a French Catholic |
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Who fought in the English Civil War and Why? |
Calvinists/Parliament, because they were angry about Charles I absolute rule |
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What document did Parliament eventually enact |
Bill of Rights that put an end to the Divine Right of the King |
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Who is Olivier Cromwell? |
Leader of the Parliament army |
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Who is Henry Purcell? |
Composer of Operas |
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Who is Virgil? |
Roman Poet |
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What is the connection between Purcell and Virgil? |
Purcell made an opera based on Virgils poem aeneid |
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Why should an ambitious person not be fully trusted when it comes to love? |
Because they will give up on love to achieve their goals |
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What religion dominated the Spanish Court? |
Catholic |
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Who are Philip III and Philip IV and what did they do to the Spanish Court? |
Spanish Kings that bankrupt the Spanish Court |
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Who influence Diego Velazquez? |
Titian, Rubens, and Caravaggio |
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What is unique about Velazquez's art? |
combined techniques of titian, rubens, and caravaggio |
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What major event changed the city of London? |
Great fire |
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What kind of city is the new London? |
built with brick and stone |
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Absolute |
One ruler with all the power |
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Liberalism |
ruled by the people |
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Thomas Hobbes |
believed in one ruler |
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John Locke |
believed in Liberalism |
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Why does Hobbes portray the best ruler as a Leviathon? |
So that people can be protected by someone with power |
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What is a social contract |
submit to ruler for safety |
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Why did John Locke disagree with Hobbes? |
Because people by nature are free, equal, and independent |
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According to Locke, what natural rights do all people have? |
To be Free, equal, and independent |
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What is the significance of John Milton's poem, Paradise Lost? |
exemplifies the tensions between absolute rule and civil liberties |
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What biblical story serves as the background in the poem? |
Adam and Eve |
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What is the right of Habeas Corpus? |
court order to someone holding another in custody to deliver them to court |
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What "means" does Hogarth use to critcize Parliament |
satire |
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Caricature |
exaggerated portrayal of a persons defects and flaws |
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Who is Joseph Wedgwood |
Mass producer of dinnerware |
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What is the significance of the industrial revolution |
Make goods more efficiently and cheaper |
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Who are Joseph Addison and Richard Steele and what did they contribute to print culture in England? |
Made the first periodical and formed journalistic essays |
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What did they publish and what were they attempting to achieve? |
Two periodicals, the Tatler and the Spectator |
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What was the general conviction of the enlightenment thinkers to sustain movement towards enlightenment? |
human life should be enriched by the arts |
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Rococo |
French decorative art |
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Differences between Rococo and Baroque? |
Rococo is for residences and palaces. Baroque is for churches and cathedrals |
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Why is Rococo associated with moral depravity? |
The theme of most were about sex and the pursuit of pleasure |
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What is the significance of the French Salon? |
Room for social gathering |
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Who painted Cupid and Psyche and why is it considered erotic? |
Charles Joseph Natoire and it was erotic because they were engaging in secretive love |
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Jean Antoine Watteau |
Influenced by Rubens |
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fetes galante |
Flirtatious, elegant, flowing |
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How does Francois Boucher's painting the Toilet of Venus capture the two competing pleasures that drive human beings? |
contrasts the intellectual and the erotic by showing the Queen elegantly and naked |
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What were French Philosophers interested in? |
abolish monarchy and remove the influence from the church from the state |
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Who are the French Courtiers and what do they promote? |
Nobility and promoted erotic pleasures |
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What is a Deist? |
accepts the idea of god that does not interfere with natural law |
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How did the French philosophers envision the workings of an enlightened society? |
Well ordered, ethical, and restrained |
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How did the French Philosophers view the bible? |
work of mankind a fictional tale |
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Who is Denis Diderot and how did he envision the end of the French Monarchy |
Wrote the encyclopedie believed the end on monarchy is when the last king is strangled |
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What is the Encyclopedie |
type of dictionary that classified the science, arts, and trades |
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Why did Louis XV ban the publishing of the Encyclopedie twice? |
Because it was undermining the morality of the people |
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What main idea were the French philosophers expounding in the Encylopedie with respect to the spread of knowledge? |
rational humanism |
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rational humanism |
the idea that the use of logic and careful analysis makes progress inevitable |
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Piano |
soft |
