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299 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Defining Characteristic of Music |
No physical from, but response is physical |
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2 forms of music |
Classical and Jazz |
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Art Song |
The setting of a poem for solo voice and piano (Classical Form) |
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"The Erkling", Franz Schubert, 1821 |
Art Song Example |
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Cantata |
Choral work with one or more soloists and instrumental ensemble. Sung, rather than played (Sonata) Several movements. Used in Protestant Reformation (Classical Form) |
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"Cantata 147", Bach, 1716 |
Cantata Example |
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Mass |
Sacred choral composition consisting of five sections (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei). Goes along with the parts of Roman Catholic Mass. (Classical Form) |
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Oratorio |
Large-scale composition using chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra. Usually sets narrative text (usually biblical), but does not employ acting, scenery, or costumes. Baroque Period. (Classical Form) |
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"Hallelujah," Handel |
Mass Example |
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Concerto (solo) |
an extended composition for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. 3 movements: fast, slow, fast. Lasts 20 - 45 min (Classical Form) |
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"Concerto No. 5", Beethoven ft. Lisitsa |
Concerto Example |
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Cannon |
Polyphonic device in which several voices play the same music, entering in sequence. (Round) (Classical Form) |
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"Cannon in D Minor", Pachelbel |
Cannon Example |
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Symphony |
An orchestral composition, usually in four movements. Typically lasts between 20 - 45 minuets. Composer explores the full dynamic and tonal range of the orchestral ensemble. (Classical Form) |
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"Symphony No. 5", Beethoven (1st Movement) |
Symphony example |
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Fugue |
polyphonic composition based on one main theme. Can be written for either a group of voices/instruments, or a single instrument like an organ or harpsichord. Includes 3-5 voices (Classical Form) |
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"Toccata and Fugue in D minor", Bach |
Fugue Example |
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What is music still doing today? |
Influencing classic forms of music. Examples: "I'll C U Later" by Coolio and "Dear Mama" by Tupac |
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What is the most popular form of music? |
Songs, due to the story they tell |
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"I Dreamed A Dream", Les Miserables |
Example of emotion in a song |
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When was Jazz first recorded? |
1923 |
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What is Jazz soely based on? |
Performance |
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What does Jazz depend on? |
Improvision |
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What did Jazz invent? |
Call and Response (Reframe) |
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Blues |
Developed out of a variety of venues (streets, bars, brothels, and dance halls) in New Orleans and played by African Americans. Employed improvisation, syncopation, a steady beat, unique tone colors, and specialized performance techniques that became a national craze in 1920s (Jazz Form) |
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"St. Louis Blues", Daughter Maitland, 2013 (Boardwalk Empire) |
Blues Example |
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New Orleans Style (Dixieland) |
Found it materials in spirituals, work songs, and gospel hymns. Meant to be danced to. The front line or melodic instruments improvise several contrasting melodic lines at once, supported by a rhythm section clearly marking the beat and providing a background of chords. (Jazz Form) |
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"When the Saints Come Marching In", Dukes of Dixieland |
New Orleans Style Example |
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Ragtime |
Type of piano music dating to the 1890's. Mostly growing out of the saloons and dance halls of the South and Midwest, and largely played by African American pianists. Involves taking a classical or popular tune and playing it with syncopation. (Jazz Form) |
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Syncopation |
Includes a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of the regularity of the piece |
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"The Entertainer", Scott Joplin |
Ragtime Example |
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Free Jazz |
Moved away from fixed chord progressions by the end of the 1950s. New style was produced by the 1960s and 1970s. Depends on two qualities: creative improvisation and original compositions. Abstract, dense, and hard to follow. Lots of squaks and squeals. (Jazz Form) |
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"A Love Supreme", John Coltrane, 1965 |
Free Jazz Example |
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Fusion |
Combined with elements of rock music to produce an extremely popular style in the 1970s and 1980s. Primary elements are electronic instruments, large percussion sections, and simplicity of form and harmony.(Jazz Form) |
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"Linus and Lucy", Vince Guaraldi Trio |
Fusion Example |
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Groove |
The reimagining of these "classical" forms of Jazz into modern Culture. |
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Rock and Roll |
Drew its sustenance from the dance mania of the 1950's and posed as dramatic confrontations to the smooth character of popular music dating back to the mid nineteenth century. Loud, intense, coarse, and fast in tempo with obvious sexuality in its lyrics. |
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"Rock around the Clock", Bill Haley, 1954 |
Looked at as the first Rock and Roll song |
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Rap |
Arguably growing from an increased impatience with progress towards equality among black Americans in the 1990s and resulting militancy and rage. Focused on ideas of violence, anger, and aggression and featured half-spoken lyrics and strong, complex rhythms. |
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"Rapper's Delight" The Surgarhill Gang, 1979 |
Looked at as the first rap song |
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Six Basic elements to Music |
Sound, rhythm, melody, tonality, harmony, texture |
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Sound |
Controlled noise that excites the auditory nerve |
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Pitch |
the relative highness or lowness of a sound. The physical phenomenon that is measurable in vibrations per second. Ranges go from 16 to 38000 vibrations per second |
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Do, Re, Me, Fa, So, La, Te, Do |
Example of the different pitches on a musical scale |
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Dynamics |
degrees of loudness or softness in music. Measured in decibels, and depend upon the physical phenomenon of amplitude of vibration. |
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Tone color |
(Timbre) the characteristic of that allows us to distinguish a pitch played on different instruments. Also can determine differences in quality of tones produced by the same source. |
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Duration |
the length of time vibrations continue without interruption. |
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Who is John Williams? |
Composer for many films. 21 Grammy awards, 4 Golden Globes, 25 of the AFI's Top 100 scores for feature films. |
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Name movies John Williams composed music for |
Indiana Jones, The Empire Strikes Back, Seven Years in Tibet, Jaws, Catch Me If You Can, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Star Wars, Amistad, Family Plot, Born on the Fourth of July, Angels's Ashes, Saving Private Ryan, Munich, Memoirs of Geisha, Jurrasic Park, Harry Potter, Schindler's List, E.T., Hook, and Home Alone |
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Rhythm |
Comprises recurring pulses and accents that create identifiable patterns. Consists of beat, meter, and tempo. |
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Beat |
individual pulses we hear. Grouped into rhythmic patters by placing accents. |
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Meter |
Western musical practice groups clusters of beats. |
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Tempo |
the rate of speed of the composition. The rate of speed is indicated by the composer of the piece in a variety of ways |
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Melody |
comprises a succession of sounds with rhythmic and tonal organization. Visualized as linear and essentially horizontal. The foreground of music |
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"Star Spangled Banner" |
Example of Melody |
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Harmony |
When two or more tones sound at the same time. We are interested in how simultaneous tones sound together. (Chords) Constant sound pleasant and stable in arrangement, while dissonant ones sound tense and unstable |
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"Jasmine Flower"m Yu Hongmei and Beaker's "Ode to Joy" |
Examples of Harmony |
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Tonality |
Also known as the key. The scale relative to the pitch of the piece of music. Employs the major and minor scales. Based on the idea avowed by many musicians that certain kinds of sounds function in certain ways when set out of a period of time. |
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Three types of Texture |
Monophony, Polyphony, Homophony |
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Monophony |
One line of music, no accompaniment |
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Polyphony |
2 or more lines of relatively equal occurs when two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest perform at the same time. |
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Homophony |
One main line, one accompaniment |
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""Perlude from Bach's Cello Suite No. 1" Rostropovich |
Monophony example |
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"Cello Song", The Piano Guys |
Homophony example |
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How do we define the types of music? |
the different elements from each form |
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Primal Response |
Music contains a sensuous attraction difficult to touch. At every turn it causes us to tap our tows, drum our finders, or bounce in our seats in a purely physical response. |
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Opera |
We can describe as the purest integration of all the arts. Includes music, drama, poetry, and visual arts. Unlike theater, the production reveals character and plot through song rather than speech. Grew out of Florence, Italy. Tried to resurrect ancient Greek theater. |
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Grand Opera |
Large scale, sad, usually in five acts with no spoken dialogue |
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Opera Buffa |
comedic with no spoken dialogue. shorter than the Grand |
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"The Barber of Seville", Giachimo Antonio Rossini |
Opera Buffa Example |
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Operetta |
has spoken dialogue, but it has come to refer to a light style characterized by popular themes, a romantic mood, and often, a humerous tone. Most modern musicals are considered this. |
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"The Rabbit of Seville", Looney Toons 1950 |
Operetta Example |
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Defining characteristic of Literature? |
Must be done indiviually |
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Where, When, and What did literature start with? |
In Sumeria around 29000 BC, with Cuneiform. Needed to pass information correctly from one party to another. |
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What is Giglamesh considered? |
Generally considered the earliest full text to survive to this day. Dates back to 2500 BC |
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What was the first printed Text? |
The Gutenburg Bible, around 1450. It was the first book ever printed on a press with movable type. Thought of as to be the most valuable book in the world. Only 21 exist. |
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What are hieroglyphics? |
The second oldest form of writing. It was dead language that was found by Napoleon in 1800s. |
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What are the two traditional categories of literature? |
Utilitarian and creative. |
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What is utilitarian literature? |
Statements of fact (water bills, textbooks, etc.) |
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What is creative literature? |
Everything that does not state a fact |
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Why do people read creative literature? |
They expect it to hold their interest and provide pleasure - for the same reasons they watch athletic contests or go to movies. |
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What are the four genres of creative literature? |
fiction, poetry, nonfiction, and drama |
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What is fiction? |
emanate forms of the author's imagination. Can take a realistic (true to life) or nonrealistic approach (fantasy). |
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What are the two categories of fiction? |
novels and short stories |
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What is a novel? |
A fictional prose narrative on considerable length, has a plot that unfolds from the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters. |
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What are novels divided into? |
Epistolary, Gothic, Historical, Manners, Picaresque, Psychological, Sentimental |
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What is a Epistolary novel? |
Told through the medium of letters written by one or more of the characters. |
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Frankenstein, Dracula, Carrie, The Screwtape Letters |
Epistolary novel examples |
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What is a Gothic novel? |
Pseudo-medieval fiction with prevailing atmosphere of mystery and terror. |
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The Huntchback of Notre Dame, the Tell-Tale Heart, I Am Legend, The Shining, Interview with a Vampire |
Gothic Novel examples |
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What is a Historical Novel |
Set in a period of history and attempting to portray the spirit, manners, and social conditions of the time with realistic detail and faithfulness to historical fact. |
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Huntchback of Notre Dame, War and Peace, Tale of Two Cities, |
Historical Novels examples |
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What is a Manners novel? |
Finely detailed observations of the customs, values, and mores of a highly developed and complex society. |
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Jane Eyre, The Great Gastby, Pride and Prejudice |
Manners novels examples |
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What is a Picaresque Novel? |
The adventures of a rogue or low born adventurer. |
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Huckelbarry Finn, Lord of the Rings Trilogy, The Unfortunate Traveller |
Picaresque Novel examples |
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What is a Psychological novel? |
Depicting the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of the characters as equal to or greater than the external action of the narrative. |
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What are Sentimental novels? |
Exploiting the readers capacity for tenderness, compassion, or sympathy to disproportionate degree by presenting an unrealistic view of its subject. |
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Sense and Sensibility, Pamela |
Examples of Sentimental Novels |
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What is a short story? |
Short prose fictional works focusing on unity of characterization, theme, and effect, as differentiated from more expansive narrative forms such as the novel. Typically between 1,000 and 20,000 words. Come in the form of fables. |
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What is a fable? |
Short stories designed to teach a lesson. Inanimate objects / animals that act like humans. |
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"The Blood Feud of Toad-water", "The fox and the grapes", "The Grasshopper and the Ants", and "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" |
Examples of Fables |
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"...And there, on the yonder side, with a hurried consciousness that her name and opportunities might be limited, the misguided bird scratched and scraped and beaked and delved in the soft yielding bed that had been prepared for the solace and well being of a colony of seedling onions...." |
"The Blood-feud of Toad-Water" by Saki |
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How does a fable differ from a folktale? |
It has a moral woven into the story. They are narratives designed to enforce a useful truth. |
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What is an accismus? |
a form of irony in which a person feigns indifference to, or pretends to refuse, something he or she really desires. |
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"One hot summer's day a Fox was strolling through an orchard till he came to a trained over a lofty branch....." |
"The Fox and the Grapes" by Aesop |
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Why are short stories an important part of our culture? |
The characters that this form of fiction creates. For example, The Headless Horseman |
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What is Poetry? |
a way to convey a vivid and imaginative sense of experience. Uses condensed language selected for its sound, suggestive power, and meaning, and employs specific technical devices such as meter, rhyme, and metaphor. |
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What are the three types of poetry? |
Narrative, dramatic, and lyric |
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What is Narrative poetry? |
tells a story. Epic poetry is this in substantial length and elevated heroic proportions. |
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The Lady of Shalott, The Canterbury Tales |
Narrative Poetry Example |
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What is the Devine Comedy? |
The Inferno (Hell), Purgitorio (Purgatory), and the Paradiso (Heaven). |
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What is Dramatic poetry? |
Utilizes dramatic form or technique. The major form is the dramatic monologue, takes form of a poem written as a speech of an individual character to an imaginary audience. |
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"Julius Ceasar" - Brutus' Speech, MacBeth's Witches' Chant |
Dramatic Poetry |
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What is lyric poetry? |
intended to be sung and accompanied by a lyre, comprises a brief, subjective work employing strong imagination, melody, and feeling to create a single unified, and intense impression of the personal emotion of the poet. |
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"Sonnet 292" and "Annabel Lee" |
Lyric Poetry examples |
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What is a sonnet? |
the most finished form of lyric poetry. Two types: Petrarchan (Italian) and Shakespearean (English) |
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What is a Petrarchan Sonnet? |
Sonnets to its highest expression. Typically a fixed verse form, it contains fourteen lines. Typically treats a variety of moods and subjects, but particularly the poet's intense psychological reactions to his beloved. Fourteen lines in groups of eight, abbaabba |
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What is a Shakespearean Sonnet? |
Developed in England from Petrarchan sonnets. Fourteen lines grouped into three four-line groups and a couplet, abab cdcd efef gg |
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"The Arrow and the Song" and 'The Old Clock on the Stairs" |
Shakespearan Sonnets |
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"Devouring Time, blunt through, the lion's paws, And make the earth devour her own sweet brook; Pluck keen teeth from the fierce tiger's jaws, And burn the long - lived phoenix in her blood. Make glad and sorry seasons as though fleets, and Do whate'er thou wilt, swift-footed Time, To the wide world and all her fading sweets..." |
"Sonnet XIX", Shakespeare |
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What is Nonfiction? |
literary works based mainly on fact rather than on the imagination, although they may contain works of fictional elements. |
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That are the two main types of Nonfiction? |
Biography and Essay |
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What is a Biography? |
The life story of an individual / group. |
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What is a Hagiography? |
The life story of a Priest, Saint, or holy person in a particular religious system |
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What is an Essay? |
a nonfictional literary composition on a single subject, usually the personal views of the author. |
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What are the two types of essays? |
Formal and Informal |
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What is an informal Essay? |
Tells the readers how the authors feel. Tends to be brief, conversational in tone, and loose in structure. |
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What is a formal Essay? |
Generally longer and more tightly structured than informal ones, tend to focus on impersonal subjects and place less emphasid on the personality of the author. |
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"I Have a Dream Speech" MLK Jr. 1963 |
Formal Essay |
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What is a Sacred Scripture? |
Writings a religious group deems to be holy. |
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What is the Qur'an? |
The sacred scripture of Islam; regarded it as the infallible word of God |
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Who is Edgar Allen Poe? |
Poet. Born on 1/9/1809. Parents traveling actors. Mom died at age 2. Raised by aunt. Expelled from West Point Military Academy for not going to church. Married Cousin Virginia (13), at age 27. Virginia and Mom died from TB. Died in 1847. Best known for short stories. |
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"The Murders in Rue Morgue", 1838 |
Poe, First detective Story |
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"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket" 1842 |
Poe, Inspired James Vern to write |
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"Annabel Lee" (1849) and "The Raven" (1845) |
Poe's Narrative Poetry, which is what he was best known for. |
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What were all of Poe's Narrative poetry about? |
Lost or unrequited love |
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What are the three points of view? |
First, Third Person Singular, Third Person Omniscient |
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What is First Person Point of View |
The Use of "I, We, etc." |
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What is Third Person Singular Point of View? |
the use of "He, She, Him, Her, etc." |
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What is Third Person Omniscient Point of View? |
The all knowing being. Can switch characters and can make comments on things the other characters did not know. |
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"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," 2012 |
Third Person Onmiscient |
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How is Fiction put together? |
Point of View, Appearance, Reality, Tone, Character, Plot, and Symbols |
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What is Appearance and Reality? |
The fiction claims to be true to actuality, but it builds on invented sequences of events. It refers back on itself, layering the fictional and the factual. |
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What is Tone? |
The atmosphere of the story, representing the author's attitude toward the story's literal facts. Sometimes includes the setting of the physical environment. |
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What is Character? |
It draws our interest because we see a human struggling with some important problem. It is more than just the name of the character. It is also the psychological makeup. We share the same adventures and in a sense we develop an intimate relationship with them. |
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Why can we identify with fictional characters? |
They are iconic. The term goes beyond the mere identification of a person. It means the psychological spine if individuals, the driving force that makes them respond the way they do when faced with a given set if circumstances. |
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What is Plot? |
The structure of the work, embodies more then the story line or the facts of the piece. In literature, as in theater, we find our interest dependent upon action. |
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What are the two types of Plot structure? |
Internal and External |
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What is Internal plot? |
The protagonist moves the story along through their actions. |
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What is External Plot? |
Events that happen to the protagonist that causes the story to move along. |
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What is Theme? |
The overriding idea or theme that shapes the other elements. |
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What is a symbol in literature? |
Something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance. It can have more than one meaning that can be hidden, profound, or simple. |
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What are the six elements in language in poetry? |
Rhythm, Imagery, Figures, Metaphors, Symbols and Sound Structures |
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How does the language in Poetry work? |
It is more metaphorical, dense, and symbolic. |
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"Whose woods these are I think I know. His house in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year..." |
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost (about death) |
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What is Rhythm in Poetry |
consists of the flow of sound through accents and syllables. |
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What is Imagery in Poetry? |
Verbal representation of objects, feelings, or ideas can be literal or figurative. |
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What are figures in Literature? |
Like images, take words beyond their literal meaning. Much of poetic meaning comes in comparing objects in ways that go beyond the literal. |
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What are Metaphors in Poetry? |
Figures of speech by which new implications are given to words. For example, "The Twilight of life" refers to the elderly. |
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What are Symbols in Poetry? |
Often associated with figures of speech,, but not all figures are symbols, and not all symbols are figures. Its critical to poetry, which uses compressed language to express, and carry us into, its meanings. |
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What is an Allegory? |
Related symbols that work together, with characters, events, or settings representing ideas or moral qualities. Often these characters personify abstractions. |
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What is Sound Structure in Poetry? |
Gives poetry its ear. |
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What are the four parts to Sound Structure? |
Rhyme, Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance |
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What is Rhyme? |
coupling of words that sound alike |
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What is Alliteration |
Using an initial sound for effect |
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What is Assonance |
Using a similarity in vowel sounds |
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What is Consonance |
Using a similarity in constant sounds |
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What can be included in a Biography? |
An anecdote |
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What are anecdotes? |
Stories or observations about moments in a biography - take the basic facts and expand them for illustrative purposes, thereby creating interest. |
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What is the biggest way the literature stimulates our senses? |
By our emotions that we feel when reading it. |
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What is the defining characteristic of theater? |
It is performed by live people in front of a live audience |
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What are we supposed to do with theater? |
identify with it |
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What is a drama? |
A written script |
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Who invented theater? |
The Greeks. Comes from the Greek word "Theatron" which is the part of the Greek theater where the audiences sat. Its literal meaning is "a place for seeing". |
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What was Theater to the Greek culture? |
A sacred and religious experience and was presided over by the gods. |
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What was the God over Theater? |
Dionysus - The god of theater and wine |
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What does theater attempt to do? |
represent an attempt to reveal a vision of human life through time, sound, and space. |
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What are the four types of theater? |
Tragedy, Comedy, Tragicomedy, and Melodrama |
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What is special about the four types of theater? |
Some are products of specific periods of history and illustrate trends that longer exist; others are still developing and as yet lack definite form. |
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What is labeled the best tragedy? |
Oedipus the King |
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What is Tragedy? |
we commonly describe it a play with an unhappy ending. Typically, tragic heroes make free choices that bring about suffering, defeat, and sometimes, triumph as a result of defeat. The protagonist often undergoes a struggle that ends disastrously. |
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What is a tragic flaw? |
Some defect that causes the protagonist to contribute to their own downfall. |
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What happens in Odepius the King? |
His prophecy was to kill his father and marry his mother, so Odepius was abandoned as a child. Someone took him in and raised him as their own. Then, eventually, he went back to the town he was from, killed his father, and married his mother. After he found out, he and his mother ended up killing themselves. |
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What is Sophoclean Irony? |
When the audience knows a fact about the story that the characters do not know. |
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What is a comedy? |
Comes from the Greek word "komoidia" which means "a band of revelers". Does not have to include laughter. It deals with the world as we find it. |
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What are the two types of comedy? |
High and low comedy |
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What is low comedy? |
More physical jokes (Three Stooges, I Love Lucy) |
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What is high comedy? |
More dialogue driven, more thinking (The Naughty Nineties) |
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What is a tragicomedy? |
A mixed form of tragedy and comedy. Developed in the nineteenth century. Ended either happily or by avoiding catastrophe. Can describe plays that shift from light to heavy situations. |
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"The Prince and the Pauper" |
Tragicomedy example |
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What is a Melodrama? |
A black and white story with no gray area. Dialogue is used against a musical background. Uses stereotypical characters involved in serious situations in which suspense, pathos, terror, and occasionally hatred are aroused. Portrays things such as good verses evil. Typically, the hero is placed in life-threatening situations by the acts of a villain and then rescued at the last instant. |
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"Sweeny Todd", Warner Bros, 2007 |
Melodrama example |
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What is performance art? |
Pushes the limits of traditional theater in a variety of directions, some which deny the traditional concepts of theatrical productions itself. Believed that art and life should intertwine. |
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Who is William Shakespeare? |
Elizabethan Era Playwright. Greatest Playwright ever. Born on 4/26/1582. Married Anne Hathaway in 1582. 3 kids: Susan, Judith, and Hammet. No Grand kids. Founded Lord Chamberlains Company in 1594. Wrote an average of 2 plays a year, One comedy and one something else. Died in 1616, and wrote his own Epitah. |
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What are the Tragedies Shakespeare wrote? |
Hamlet (1599), Macbeth (1602), Othello (1603), Romeo and Juliet (1595) |
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What are the Histories Shakespeare wrote? |
Henry V (1599), Henry IV (1591), Antony and Cleopatra (1607) |
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What are the Comedies Shakespeare wrote? |
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1596), A Comedy of Errors, Taming of the Shrew (1590), Twelfth Night (1601) |
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How do you know what type of play you have? |
By its ending. |
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What is a script in theater? |
A written document that contains the dialogue used by the actors. Contains two types of diction: common language and poetic language. |
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"Fences" by August Wilson |
Common language Script |
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"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead" 1990 |
Poetic language example |
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What is common language in scripts? |
Everyday language |
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What is poetic language in scripts? |
indicates less realism and perhaps stronger symbolism. The language of Shakespeare. |
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"Like you? I go out of here every morning...bust my butt...putting up with them crackers everyday...cause I like you? You about the biggest fool I ever saw..." |
"Fences" by August Wilson |
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What is the plot of theater? |
The structure of the play, the skeleton that gives a play shape, and on which the other elements hang . The nature determines how a play works: how it moves from one moment to another, how conflicts are structured, and how the experience ultimately comes to and end. |
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What are the three parts to plot? |
Exposition, Complication, and Denoument |
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What is the Exposition? |
Provides necessary background information. Through it the playwright introduces the characters - their personalities, relationships, backgrounds, and present and situations. Gives background information up to the point of attack |
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"Spaceballs" |
Example of Exposition |
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What is complication? |
Centers on conflict. Although not every play fits that definition, something occurs that provides a fundamental dramatic device in order to interest an audience. Contains the meat of the play, and it comprises a series of problems (crises), until it hits the Climax, which is the end of this section. |
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What is the denouement? |
The denouement is the final resolution of the plot: the period of time during which the audience senses that the action is ending - a period of adjustment, downward intensity, from the climax. Ideally, it brings about a clear and ordered resolution. |
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What is foreshadowing? |
Preparation for subsequent action - provides credibility for future action, keeps the plot logical, and avoids confusion. It builds up tension and suspense: the audience senses that something is about to happen, but because they do not know exactly what or when, anticipation builds suspense and tension. |
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What are the four types of foreshadowing? |
Facial, Verbal, Musical, and Visual |
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What is facial foreshadowing? |
A facial expression to something that is said or done |
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What is verbal foreshadowing? |
Something that is said about what will happen. |
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What is musical foreshadowing? |
Music that is playing in suspense, leading up to the event. |
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What is visual foreshadowing? |
A visual clue to something that will occur |
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What is discovery? |
The revelation of information about characters, their personalities, relationships, and feelings. Finding out crucial information |
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What is Reversal? |
any turn of fortune. |
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What is character in theater? |
The psychological motivation of the people in the play. In most plays, the audience focuses on who individuals do what they do, how they change, and how they interact with other individuals, as the plot unfolds. |
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What is a protagonist? |
The hero / main character in the story. Often a play will have more than one, and sometimes they are already well known to the audience. |
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What is an Antagonist? |
The villain / the main cause of the problem. |
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What are themes of theater? |
This with ideas comprise the intellectual content of a play. However, what the play is about remains for us to discover and develop. |
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What are the three interpretations of the theme in theater? |
The Playwright's, The Director's, and the Audience's |
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What are the visual elements of Theater? |
Theater types, Scene design, Costume Design, Properties, and Aural Elements. |
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What are the three theater types? |
Arena, Thrust, and Proscenium |
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What is an Arena theater? |
Four sided. The theater of the Greeks. The stage is in the center, and the audience sits around it. |
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What is a Thrust theater? |
Three sided. Elizabethan Era, state of Shakespeare. The audience sits on three sides of the stage. |
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What is a Proscenium Theater? |
One sided. Most modern plays are in this type of state. The audience can only see one view of the stage. |
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What is scene design in theater? |
Creates an environment suitable for achieving the aims of the production. Designers use the same tools for composition as painters. In addition, this occupies three-dimensional space and mist allow for the movement of the actors in, on, through, and around the elements of scenery. |
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What is costume design in theater? |
The design of hairstyles and clothing and sometimes makeup to suit a specific person or occasion, a historical era, a character, a locale. |
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What are the three accents to costume design? |
Accents, Reflects, and Reveals |
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What are accents in costume design? |
Shows the audience which personages are the most important in a scene and it shows the relationship between people. |
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How does costume design Reflect? |
a particular era, time of day, climate, season, location, occasion, or fanciful characterization. |
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How does costume design Reveal? |
the characters of personages as well as their social position, profession, cleanliness, age, physique, and health. |
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What are properties in theater? |
Hand props and and set props. |
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What are hand props? |
Thing that the actors on state hold, such as broom sticks, cups, etc.
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What are set props? |
Part of the scene, such as furniture, plants, etc. |
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What are Aural Elements in Theater? |
What we hear that contributes to our understanding and enjoyment of the production. Whether the actors' voices, the background music, or the clashing of swords, function importantly in a theatrical production. |
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What is a soliloquy? |
The theater version of a monologue. Gives insight on characters. |
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What are dynamics in theater terms? |
Makes the structural pattern of the play clear and help hold the interest of the audience. |
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Why are actors important in theater? |
They are the main channel of communication between the playwright and the audience. Consists of two elements: Speech and physical reinforcement. |
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What is Cinema? |
aesthetic communication through the design of time, and three dimensional space compressed into a two dimensional image. |
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What does cinema do that other art forms can't? |
capture the world exactly as it is. |
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What is cinema in terms of money? |
multibillion dollar per year industry. |
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What was the first moving picture? |
A drawing of Eadward Muybridge riding a horse in 1878. |
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What was the first film of people? |
Roundnay Garden scene in 1888. |
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What was the first film with sound? |
Don Juan in 1926 |
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What was the first animated film with sound? |
Steam Boat Willie by Walt Disney in 1928. |
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What happens when we examine a filmstrip? |
We will notice a series of still pictures running the length of the strip. 16 frames make up one foot of the filmstrip, but 24 frames make up one second of film. |
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What made movies more real and believable? |
the addition of color to filmstrips. |
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Charles Urban |
Invented the first color filming process in 1908 with his company, Kinemacolor. Hired artists to hand-paint every frame pf the film strips.
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Technicolor |
More modernized form of color film. Invented in the 1940s. |
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First colored movies? |
The Wizard of Oz (first filmed) and Gone with the Wind (First actually released) |
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How to film strips and projectors work? |
The film strip is pulled between the light source and a lens in a stop-and-go fashion, the film pausing long enough at each frame to let the eye take in the picture. Then, a shutter on the projector closes, the retina retains the image, and the projection mechanism pulls the film ahead to the next frame.This gives the impression of continuous movement. |
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What is the Persistence of Vision? |
A theory that states that the eyes take a fraction of a second to record an impression of an image and send it to the brain. Once the impression has been received, the eye retains it on the retina for about one-tenth of a second, after the actual image has disappeared. |
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What is one thing that film makers have been known to do? |
"Slip" frames into films which are transmitted subconsciously to the viewing audience. |
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What are the three main types of film? |
Narrative, Documentary, and Absolute. |
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What is a narrative film? |
a fictional film that tells a story. Follows the rules of literary construction, and uses the techniques of theater. |
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What are the four genres of narrative films? |
western, detective, science fiction, and horror. |
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What is a documentary? |
attempts to record actuality using primarily either a sociological or journalistic approach. Normally does not use professional actors and is often shot as the event occurs. It may use a narrative structure, and some of the events may be ordered or compressed for dramatic reasons, but its presentation gives the illusion of reality. |
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What is an Absolute Film (Avant Garde)? |
Exists for its own sake, fir its record if movement or film. It notes not use narrative techniques although documentary techniques can be used in some instances. Does not tell a story, but it can use documentary techniques. |
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What is a director? |
We usually discuss film in these terms, because, unlike in theater, they have full control over what the final product will be like. |
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What is editing? |
putting bits and pieces together, almost like a jigsaw puzzle. Rarely recorded in order that the film takes place. The force or strength of the final product depends upon the editing process, and manner in which the camera and the lighting are handled, and the movement f the actors before the camera. |
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"Cast Away" and "Blare Witch Project" |
Films that were filmed start to finish, due to how the actors had to look like at the finished project. |
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What is the greatest difference between film and other arts? |
The fact of plasticity, which enables a film to be cut, spliced, and ordered according to the needs the film and the desires of the filmmaker. |
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What is a cut? |
simply joining together shots during the editing process. |
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What is a jump cut? |
a cut that breaks the continuity of time by moving forward from one part of the action to another that is obviously separated from the first by an interval of time, location, or camera position. Often used for shock effect or to call attention to detail. |
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What is a form cut? |
Cuts from one image to another - a different object that has a similar shape or contour; primarily to make a smoother transition from one shot to another. |
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What is a montage? |
Most aesthetic use of the cut in film. Handled in two basic ways. 1) as an indication of compression or elongation of time. 2) as a rapid succession of images to illustrate an association of ideas. Also allows filmmakers to depict certain metaphors. |
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What is Camera Viewpoint? |
Very important to the structure of the film, as the editing process. The camera used to to be set in one position, and the actors would act in front o it, but due to it becoming very boring, filmmakers were forced to begin to move the camera. |
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What is a shot? |
What the camera records over a particular period of time and forms the basic unit of filmmaking |
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What is a master shot? |
Single shot of an entire piece of action, taken to facilitate the assembly of the scene. |
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What is an establishing shot? |
A long shot introduced at the beginning of a scene to establish the interrelationship of details, a time, or a place. |
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What is a long shot? |
a shot taken with the camera at a considerable distance from the subject. |
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What is a medium shot? |
nearer than the long shot, but not as close as the close-up. |
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What is a close-up shot? |
A shot taken with the camera quite to the subject. |
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What is a two-shot? |
a close up of two people with the camera as near as possible while keeping both people inside the frame. |
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What are the two types of camera viewpoints? |
objective and subjective |
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What is the objective viewpoint? |
takes the form of an omnipotent viewer, roughly analogous to the technique of third-person narrative in literature. |
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What is the subjective viewpoint? |
the scene unfolds as if the audience were actually participating in it, and we see the action from the filmmaker's perspective. |
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What is cutting within the frame? |
used to avoid the editing process. Can be created by actor movement, camera movement, or a combination of the tow. Allows the scene to progress smoothly and is used most often on television. Directors choose to do this because the results of each option create psychological overtones that cause responses in the viewer. |
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What are dissolves? |
Filmmakers generally use them to indicate the end of one scene and the beginning of another. Tends to make transitions smoother with one scene fading out and another fading in. |
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What is a lap dissolve? |
While one scene is fading out, another is fading in at the same time. There is one moment where both scenes are fully on the screen at the same time. |
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What is a wipe dissolve? |
a form of optical transition in which an invisible line moves across the screen, eliminating one shot and revealing the next, much in the way a windshield wiper moves across the windshield of a car. |
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What is focus in cinema? |
depicts what part, the foreground or the background, is the most important part of that scene. |
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What is a depth of focus? |
both the foreground and the background are in focus at the same time. |
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What is movement in cinema? |
used to add variety or impacts to shots or scenes. The track shot is a shot taken as the camera moves in the same direction, at the same speed, and in the same place as the object is being photographed. |
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How do filmmakers get moviegoers excited about their movie? |
Movie Posters and Movie Trailers |
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How is perception important in cinema? |
it is them most important area of technical detail. We begin to cultivate the habit of noticing even the tiniest details in a scene, often these add a commentary that the average member of an audience might miss. |
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What is crosscutting? |
alternates between two separate actions related by theme, mood, or plot, but that usually occur at the same time. Most common function is to create suspense. The film continues to cut back and forth, the pace of cutting increasing until the sequence builds to a climax. |
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What is Tension Build up and Release? |
A way to release pent up stress and anxiety created by the film for a quick moment, only to begin to rebuild it for the next release. Done in two ways: sudden and slow |
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What is sudden tension release? |
A shock or surprise that is in the film. |
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What is slow tension release? |
an anticipated thing that occurs. |
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What is direct address? |
when the actors look directly at the camera to address the audience. Commonly used in commercials and kid shows. Its the film equivalent to a soliloquy. Also called "Breaking the fourth wall" |
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What is Magnitude and Convention? |
The means by which the film is to be communicated. Is it a TV show or for projection in large theaters.
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What is the first feature length animated film? |
"Snow White and the seven dwarfs" Released in 1937. Took three years and 1.4 million to make. Apple is symbol related to the story of Adam & eve, and the Trojan war. |
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What was the first modern feature length animated film? |
"Toy Story". Released in 1995, Released by Pixar, 17 million budget, 10 years of development to release. Revolutionized animated film industry. |
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What is Structural Rhythm? |
How everything ends and audience's perception of the movie (did the like it or hate it). The manner in which the various shots join together and juxtapose with other cinematic images, both visual and aural. |
