Humanities 202 Exam 1

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altar

Back 1

an elevated place or structure, as a mound or platform, at which religious rites are performed or on which sacrifices are offered to gods, ancestors, etc.

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Conversation piece-

Back 2

something, esp an unusual object, that provokes conversation. Esp in 18th century Britain, a group portrait in a landscape or domestic setting

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Linear perspective

Back 3

the branch of perspective in which the apparent size and shape of objects and their position with respect to foreground and background are established by actual or suggested lines converging on the horizon

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Hieratic perspective

Back 4

the important focus is on deity so they are much larger than the normal man

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Triptych-

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a set of three pictures or panels, usually hinged so that the two wing panels fold over the larger central one: often used as an altarpiece

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Tapestry

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-a heavy ornamental fabric, often in the form of a picture, used for wall hangings, furnishings, etc, and made by weaving coloured threads into a fixed warp

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Humanism-

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the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts. A philosophical position that stresses the autonomy of human reason in contradistinction to the authority of the Church. A cultural movement of the Renaissance, based on classical studies

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Sola scriptura-

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(Latin ablative, "by scripture alone") is the assertion that the Bible as God's written word is self-authenticating, clear (perspicuous) to the rational reader, its own interpreter ("Scripture interprets Scripture"), and sufficient of itself to be the final authority of Christian doctrine.

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Ad fontus-

Back 9

“to the source” or “to the fountain,” back to the original language or meaning

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Personal essay-

Back 10

developed by Montaigne. It means “try out” or “attempt” and is a vehicle for trying out ideas and testing them even as they are written

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Chorale-

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hymn sung in the vernacular by an entire congregation

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Indulgence-

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paying for removal from suffering for a sin one has committed

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Woodcut-

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popular form of relief printing in the fifteenth century. Artist draws the design on the surface of a woodblock and cuts away the parts that are to print white With a sharp tool called a gouge leaving elevated the areas to be printed black

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Print-

Back 14

a single impression of a multiple edition of impressions, made on paper from the same master image carved, etched, engraved, or otherwise drawn on a block or plate. Done in relief or intaglio

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Deuterocanical or Apocryphal books -

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Scrolls used by Luther. Thrown out of Protestant Bible because of Ad Fontus (going back to the original source)

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Eucharist-

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the consecrated elements of bread and wine offered in the sacrament

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Transubstantiation-

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Theology . the changing of the elements of the bread and wine, when they are consecrated in the Eucharist, into the body and blood of Christ (a doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church).

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Catholic Reformation-

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before the Counter-Reformation. Trying to change policies and eliminate corruption

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Mysticism-

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belief in or experience of a reality surpassing normal human understanding or experience, esp a reality perceived as essential to the nature of life

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Homophony-

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homophonic music. Two or more parts act in harmony and move in unison. An example of this is the majority of the LDS hymns.

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Inquisition-

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an official inquiry into possible heresy. In Italy, the Church initiated the Inquisition as a method of enforcing the strictures of the Counter-Reformation. In Spain, an Inquisition was placed in order to expel or convert all non-Christian Spaniards, specially Spanish Muslims, Jews and Catholic nuns and priests who practiced a brand of mysticism closely related to Jewish mystical tracts..

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Melisma-

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an expressive vocal phrase or passage consisting of several notes sung to one syllable

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Mimesis-

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the imitative representation of nature or human behavior

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Serpentine figure-

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distortion and dramatic body forms. Has no single predominant view.

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Conceit-

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witty images that were a characteristic of the Elizabethan age poetry. Taking two dissimilar things and yoking them together

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Irony-

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the humorous or mildly sarcastic use of words to imply the opposite of what they normally mean

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Octave-

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the interval between two musical notes one of which has twice the pitch of the other and lies eight notes away from it counting inclusively along the diatonic scale
A group of 8 lines of poetry that rhymes abbaabba.

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Quatrain-

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stanza or poem of four lines, esp one having alternate rhymes

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Satire-

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a novel, play, entertainment, etc, in which topical issues, folly, or evil are held up to scorn by means of ridicule and irony. talking about something serious but taking it to ridicule extremes. Often gets to the core of a lot of issues. No one is safe from satire so we accept it

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Anamorphosis-

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an image or drawing distorted in such a way that it becomes recognizable only when viewed in a specified manner or through a special device

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Revenge play-

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example is Hamlet. It is a play constructed around a murder that must be avenged by the victim’s relative usually at the request of the murdered person’s ghost.

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Sonnet-

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a verse form of Italian origin consisting of 14 lines in iambic pentameter with rhymes arranged according to a fixed scheme, usually divided either into octave and sestet or, in the English form, into three quatrains and a couplet

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Soliloquy-

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the act of speaking alone or to oneself, esp as a theatrical device

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Chiaroscuro-

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Painting . the use of deep variations in and subtle gradations of light and shade, esp. to enhance the delineation of character and for general dramatic effect. Rembrandt is a master of chiaroscuro. Caravaggio also used this effect in his works.

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Opera-

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an extended dramatic work in which music constitutes a dominating feature, either consisting of separate recitatives, arias, and choruses, or having a continuous musical structure. Popular in the Italian Baroque period. Monteverdi is credited with inventing this form of music

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Tenebrism-

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a school, style, or method of painting, adopted chiefly by 17th-century Spanish and Neapolitan painters, esp Caravaggio, characterized by large areas of dark colours, usually relieved with a shaft of light. (extreme chiaroscuro)

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Piazza-

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a large open square in an Italian town

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Oratorio-

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a dramatic but unstaged musical composition for soloists, chorus, and orchestra, based on a religious theme

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Façade-

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the face of a building, esp the main front

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Libretto-

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a text written for and set to music in an opera, etc

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Deism-

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belief in the existence of God based solely on natural reason, without reference to revelation. The brand of faith that argues that the basis of belief in God is reason and logic rather than revelation or tradition. God is mechanistic and non-intervening. He created the world and then walked away

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Genre scene-

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a painting that depicts events from everyday life-Vermeer

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Vanitas painting-

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contemplating existence through something else like a skull. in art, a genre of still-life painting that flourished in the Netherlands in the early 17th century. A vanitas painting contains collections of objects symbolic of the inevitability of death and the transience and vanity of earthly achievements and pleasures; it exhorts the viewer to consider mortality and to repent.
(Hamlet viewing the skull from the grave and contemplating his existence. The one thing we know is that all man must die). Momento mori - reminders of death. Encourage viewers to think of spiritual, rather than earthly, matters.

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Empirical method

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when inductive reasoning (drawing general conclusions from particular examples and careful observations) was combined with scientific experimentation it produced a manner of inquiry called the empirical method. The leading advocate was English scientist Francis Bacon

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Passion-

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similar to an oratorio in form but tells the story from the Gospels of the death and resurrection of Jesus

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Still life-

Back 46

a painting or drawing of inanimate objects

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Cavalier-

Back 47

one having the spirit or bearing of a knight; a courtly gentleman; gallant.

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Intermezzo-

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a short piece of instrumental music composed for performance between the acts or scenes of an opera, drama, etc

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Masque-

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a dramatic entertainment of the 16th to 17th centuries in England, consisting of pantomime, dancing, dialogue, and song, often performed at court

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Retablo-

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large altarpiece ensembles found in Mexico churches in the late seventeenth century

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illumination

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the painstakingly detailed, hand-painted decoration of manuscripts

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Interior monologue-

Back 52

stream of consciousness. a literary attempt to present the mental processes of a character before they are formed into regular patterns of speech or logical sequence