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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macedon
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short for macedonia
considered a people of outsiders the Greeks did not think they were a threat until the rule of Philip II |
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Philip II
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from Macedonia
-he was king -well educated -lost one of his eyes in war -he tried to secure his borders, in doing so he consolidated the southern Balkans in Greek city-states -he was assassinated by a disgruntled male lover |
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Hellenism (hellenistic)
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Greek like culture that dominated the ancient world in the wake of Alexander's conquest
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Alexander
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Phillip II and Olympius's son
-helped his father defeat the Athenians -he conquered Asia minor and was hailed as pharoah in Egypt -he died young at 32 -no good records of life |
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skeptics
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during the Hellenistic era
-believed no one can prove anything -key to happiness is to stop judgment -popular under carneades |
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stoics
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Around 300 BCE
group of philosophers -started with the teachings of Zeno of Athens -believed in orderliness of the cosmos -everything happens for the best (purpose) -not a master of your own fate |
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etruscans
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6th century
-people in Italy when Romans arrived there -skilled metal workers, artists, and architects, -women had a lot of rights unlike Greek women (influential in society) -Rome borrowed many of their myths (Romulus and Remus myth) |
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Romulus and Remus
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Etruscan myth used by the Romans
-twin brothers who were abonded at birth by mom, raised by wolf, grew up to be leaders, Romulus killed Remus, established Rome (Cain and Abel similarities) |
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Senate
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the political institution in rome
-survived many hardships -survived fall of Rome |
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Epicureans
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philosophers under epicurus of Athens
-rejected the idea of an ordered universe under divine forces they emphasized the individual agencies the highest good is the result of a pursuit of pleasures |
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res publica
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the public thing
-what Rome called their political system |
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plebians
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common people of Rome
-98% of population -fewer rights -discriminated against -rebelled in 5th century and refused to join the military, so they got tribunes they got to elect as leaders |
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patricians
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they were aristocratic Roman families
small percent of population, but they had all the power |
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twelve tables of Law
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After the plebians victory in 450 BCE, 12 tables of law were established
as a result, plebians could hold office and gave them more access to the senate |
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pax romana
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the Roman peace
-from 27-180BCE -Rome enjoyed peace and political stability |
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carthage
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the great meritime that grew out of phoenician trading colonies in north africa
-rivaled the power of Rome -it's wars with Rome known at the Punic Wars ended in its destruction in 146 BCE |
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punic wars
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the 3 periods of warfare between Rome and Carthage (2 meritime powers who struggled for dominance of the mediterranean)
Rome victor, destroyed city of Carthage, took control of Sicily, north africa, and hispania First: mutual exhaustion second: hannibal becomes threat to Rome third: destruction of carthanginian power |
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hannibal
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(247-183 BCE) carthaginian commander who merely defeated Rome in the 2nd punic war
-he was able to win many territories in Italy before retreating -the 2nd punic war ended when cornealius scipio defeated hannibal zama in 201 BCE |
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fabius
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fabius maximus. dictator/cuntactor of Italy
-"fabian tactics" don't engage enemy, just wear them out by keeping them moving accused of helped hannibal and kicked out of Italy because he avoids fighting hannibal directly |
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scipio africanus
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also cornelius scipio
-victory against hannibal at zama in 201 BCE ended the 2nd punic war - |
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cannae
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the battle of the 2nd punic war that took place 216 BCE in apulia, italy
the carthaginian army under hannibal defeated a numerically superior Roman army -one of the greatest tactical defeats in history |
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sulla
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aristocratic general who had fought in the so called social war of 91-88BCE.
conflict between Rome and Italian allies that resulted in the extension of Roman citizenship throughout the peninsula. civil war with marius and eventually become dictator. he is able to empower the aristocracy and terminally weaken the power of the plebs |
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tiberius gracchus
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the grandson of scipio africanus. elected tribune of the Roman people in 133 bCE.
proposed to alleviate social and economic stress by instituting major reforms chiefly the redstribution of property. planned to stand for reelection, but a conservative faction in the senate accused him of trying to be dictator and murdered him and his supporters on election day |
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marius
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gais marius: Roman general elected into consulship. showed that an army command could be an alternative path to political power. he abolished the property qualifications for being in the army. soldiers loyalty was directed to his commander rather than an abstract ideal of patriotism, this lead to civil wars as legions loyal to one general were pitted against those of another
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julius caesar
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part of the triumverate, whose goal was to restore the republics. he focused his energies in Gaul. Pompey accused him of trying to become king which led to civil war between them. Pompey is defeated. Caesar returned to Rome in triumph and became dictator. By incorporating Gaul into the Roman world, he brought in a much needed source of food and natural resources and created a new outlet for the spread of Roman settlement and culture. He is killed in the Ides of March b/c they still thought he wanted to be king.
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crassus
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also part of the triumvirate. man credited with finally defeating sparticus
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pompey
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also part of the triumvirate. conqueror of siria and palestine. elected himself sole consul in Rome and declared Caesar an enemy of the republic. he fled to the east to gather an army to defeat Caesar's legions, but is defeated at pharsalus and killed by Roman officer attached to the court of ptolemy 8 in Alexandria
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first triumvirate
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the rule of 3 men.
it included pompey, julius caesar, and marcus junius crassus -initially they cooperated in a plot to gain control of the government and to restore the republic, but it soon dissolved into an open rivalry. |
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cleopatra
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the older sister and co-ruler to the pharoah that killed pompey to curry favor against her with Caesar
-Caesar supported cleopatra instead and had a son with her ptolemy was drowned in the Nile, Cleo took her younger brother Ptolemy XIV as consort but she ruled as pharoah of Egypt in her own right (69-30 BCE) |
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mark antony
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82-30 BCE Also known as Marcus Antonius
He served under Caesar's command in Gaul and was determined to make himself governor of the whole province. He was one of the many rivals in support of Caesar. |
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octavian
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He engineered his own election to the office of consul (though he was far too young for this honor) and used his powers to have Caesar;s assassin declared outlaws. In 43 BCE he and Antony formed an alliance. They crushed the political faction responsible for Caesar's murder.
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augustus
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(63BCE-14 CE) Born Gauis Octavius, this grand nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar came to power in 27 BCE. His reign signals the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Principate, the period when Rome was dominated by autocratic emperors.
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teutoberger forest
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In 9 CE in Germania, Roman troops meet defeat. 3 legions were slaughtere in this forest. This setback convinced Augustus to hold the Roman borders at the Rhine and Danube rivers.
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seneca
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poster boy for stoic philosophy
-wrote stuff during times of loss -advisor to Emperor Nero |
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cicero
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(106-43 BCE) Influencial Roman senator, orator, Stoic philosopher, and prose stylist. His published writings still form the basis of the instruction in classical Latin grammar and usage.
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virgil
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(70-19 BCE) An influential Roman poet who wrote under the patronage of the emperor Augustus. His Aeneid mimicked the ancient Greek epics of Homer, and told the mythical tale of Roman's founding by the Trojan refugee Aeneas.
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aeneid
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Mythical founder of Rome, Aeneas was a refugee from the city of Troy whose adventures were described by the poet Virgil in the Aeneid, which mimicked the oral epics of Homer.
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syncretism
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the combining of different beliefs
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synoptic gospels
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Sameness, common view
-Matthew, Mark, and Luke |
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paul of tarsus
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Originally known as Saul, Paul was a Greek-speaking Jew and Roman citizen who underwent a miraculous conversion experience and became the most important proponent of Christianity in the 50s and 60s CE.
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caligula
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Roman emperor from 37-41 CE
He was vicious and ineffectual. The growing bureaucracy could manage when emperors acted like this. |
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nero
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Roman emperor from 54-68 BCE
He was reviled by the aristocracy but popular among the Roman people. |
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marcus aurelius
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One of the 5 good emperors. (161-180 CE)
He was a capable politician. |
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Discuss the Roman Republic's treatment of the territories it conquered.
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very generous,
if they opposed, they would wipe them out -if they did what asked, there were not problems |
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Why do the Gracchi brothers represent a watershed in Roman history?
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watershed: turning point
he made new rules to help people -limited the amount of land that could be owned by 1 person -stabilized the price of grain -took away property rule that you had to served in the army |
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Rome
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map
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palestine
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map
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alexandria
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map
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naples
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map
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gaul
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map
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italy
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map
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spain
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map
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danube river
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map
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rhine river
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map
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corsica
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map
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sardinia
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map
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baltic sea
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map
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britain
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map
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adriatic sea
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map
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balkans
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map
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north sea
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map
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cathage (the city)
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map
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