Human.body.in.health.and.illness.chpt1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Is the branch of science that studies the structure, or Morphology of the body.

Front 2

Physilogy

Back 2

Is the branch of science that describes how the body works or functions.

Front 3

Pathophysiology

Back 3

Is the branch of science that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body parts.

Front 4

Cells

Back 4

the larger molecules organized into cells, the basic unit of life.

Front 5

Tissues

Back 5

Specialized grups of cells from tissues.

Front 6

Organs

Back 6

Tissues arranged from tissues into organs, such as the heart, stomach, and kidney.

Front 7

Organ Systems

Back 7

Groups of organs, in turn, create organ systems.

Front 8

Integumentary System

Back 8

Consists of the skin and related structures such as hair and nails.

Front 9

Skeletal System

Back 9

Forms the basic framework of the body. It consists primarily of bones, joints, and cartilage. The skeleton protects and suports body organs.

Front 10

Muscular System

Back 10

Consists of three types of muscles. Skeletal muscles attach to the bones and are responsible for movement of the skeleton and maintenance of body posture.

Front 11

Nervous System

Back 11

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.

Front 12

Endocrine System

Back 12

Consists of numerous glands that secrete hormones and chemical substances that regulate body activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance.

Front 13

Circulatory System

Back 13

Consists of the heart and blood vessels. This system pumps and transports blood throughout the body.

Front 14

Lymphatic System

Back 14

Consists of the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and other lymphoid organs.

Front 15

Respiratory System

Back 15

Consists of the lungs and other structures that conduct air to and from the lungs.

Front 16

Digestive System

Back 16

Consists of organs designed to eat food, break it down into substances that can be absorbed by the body, and eliminate the waste.

Front 17

Urinary System

Back 17

Consists of the kidneys and other structures that help excrete waste products from the body through the urine.

Front 18

Reproductive System

Back 18

Consists of organs and structures that enable humans to reproduce.

Front 19

Homeostasis

Back 19

Literally means staying (Stasis) the same (homeo). The term refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment.

Front 20

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Back 20

Mechanisms that help maintain homostasis are called homeostatic Mechanisms.

Front 21

Anatomical Position

Back 21

the body is standing erect, with the face forward, the arms at the sides, and the toesand palms of the hands directed forward.

Front 22

Superior

Back 22

Means that a part is above another part or is closer to the head.

Front 23

Inferior

Back 23

Means that a part is located below another part or is closer to the feet.

Front 24

Anterior

Back 24

Means toward the front surface (the belly surface).

Front 25

Posterior

Back 25

Means toward the back surface.

Front 26

Ventral

Back 26

Another word for Anterior.

Front 27

Dorsal

Back 27

Another word for Posterior.

Front 28

Medial

Back 28

Means toward the midline of the body.

Front 29

Lateral

Back 29

Means away from the midline of the body.

Front 30

Proximal

Back 30

Means that the structure is nearer the point of attatchment, often the trunk of the body.

Front 31

Distal

Back 31

Means that a part is farther away from the point at attachment than is another part.

Front 32

Superficial

Back 32

Means that a part is located on or near the surface of the body.

Front 33

Deep

Back 33

Means that the body part is away from the surface of the body.

Front 34

Central

Back 34

Means that the part is located in the center.

Front 35

Peripheral

Back 35

Means away from the center.

Front 36

Sagittal Plane

Back 36

Divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions.

Front 37

Midsagittal Section

Back 37

If the cut is made exactly down the midline of the body, the right and left halves of the body are equal. This division is a midsagittal section.

Front 38

Frontal Plane

Back 38

Divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions. This plane creates the front part of the bod and the back part of the body. Also called Coronal Plane.

Front 39

Transverse Plane

Back 39

Divides the obdy horizontally, creating an upper (superior) and a lower (inferior) body.

Front 40

Abdominal

Back 40

Anterior trunk just below the ribs.

Front 41

Antecubital

Back 41

Are in front of the elbow.

Front 42

Axillary

Back 42

Armpit.

Front 43

Brachial

Back 43

Arm.

Front 44

Buccal

Back 44

Cheek area, specifically between the gums and cheek.

Front 45

Cephalic

Back 45

head.

Front 46

Cervical

Back 46

Neck Region.

Front 47

Cranial

Back 47

Nearer to the head.

Front 48

Digital

Back 48

Fingers, toes.

Front 49

Femoral

Back 49

Thigh area.

Front 50

Flank

Back 50

Fleshy are along each side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones.

Front 51

Inguinal

Back 51

Area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body.

Front 52

Oral

Back 52

Mouth.

Front 53

Orbital

Back 53

Area around the eye.

Front 54

Patellar

Back 54

Front of the knee.

Front 55

Pedal

Back 55

Foot.

Front 56

Pubic

Back 56

Genital area.

Front 57

Sternal

Back 57

Middle of the chest (over the breast bone area).

Front 58

Umbilical

Back 58

Navel.

Front 59

Caudal

Back 59

Nearer to the lower region of the spinal column (near your tailbone)

Front 60

Deltoid

Back 60

Rounded area of te shoulder closest to the upper arm.

Front 61

Gluteal

Back 61

Buttocks.

Front 62

Lumbar

Back 62

Are of the back between the ribs and the hips.

Front 63

Occipital

Back 63

Back of the head.

Front 64

popliteal

Back 64

Behind, or back of, the knee area.

Front 65

Scapular

Back 65

Shoulder blade area.

Front 66

Viscera

Back 66

The organs, called viscera, are located within the cavity of the body.

Front 67

Dorsal Cavity

Back 67

Is located toward the back of the obdy and has two divisions, the cranial cavity and the spinal (vertebral cavity).

Front 68

Cranial Cavity

Back 68

Is located within the skull and contains the brain.

Front 69

Spinal (vertebral) Cavity

Back 69

Extends downward from the cranial cavity adn is surrounded by bony vertebrae; it contains the spinal cord.

Front 70

Ventral Cavity

Back 70

Is located toward the front of the body and has two divisions, the thoracic cavity adn the abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 71

Thracic Cavity

Back 71

Is located above the diaphragm and is surrounded by the rib cage.

Front 72

Mediastinum

Back 72

A space that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and large blood vessels attached to the hart.

Front 73

Pleural Cavities

Back 73

The right and left lungs are located on either side of the mediastinum. The lungs occupy most of the space within the thoracic cavity.

Front 74

Abdominal Cavity

Back 74

Is located below the diaphragm, it contains the stomach, most of the intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys.

Front 75

Pelvic Cavity

Back 75

Lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Its extends downward from the level of the hips and includes the reainder of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and internal parts of the reproductive system