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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavioral Theory
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Necessary to observe and measure behavior to understand it
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Operant conditioning
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learning resulting from the reinforcing response a person receives following a certain behavior
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Behavior modification
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therapy based on operant conditioning and classical conditioning principles, used to change behaviors
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Aversion therapy
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technique that reduces the frequency of maladaptive behavior by associating it with aversive stimuli
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Social Learning Theory
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Both internal and external events influence our behavior
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Cognitive Theory
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Theory proposing that our thoughts are responsible for our behaviors
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Humanistic Theory
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Self actualization, Unconditional positive regard, Conditional love
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Biological Theory
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Sexual functioning, hormone release, ovulation, ejaculation, conception, pregnancy, and birth are all controlled physiologically
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Evolutionary Theory
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Incorporates both evolution and sociology; ex: Study animal sexual behavior and look for trends
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Sociological Theory
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Culture determines what is normal
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Feminist Theory
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Social construction of sexuality is based on power, which has primarily been in the hands of men for centuries
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Queer Theory
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Believe that studies need to examine how a variety of sexualities are constructed and to abandon various categorization that limit and restrain
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Labia Majora
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large folds that run downwards on the outside of the vulva
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Labia Minora
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hairless lips that sit inside the labia majora and very sensitive to touch
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When a woman is aroused, the Labia Minora...
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engorge with blood
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Clitoris
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only sex organ whose only known function is to create pleasure
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clitoral hood
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covers the exposed part of the shaft and most of the glans
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Urethral Opening
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connected to the bladder via the urethra
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hymen
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fold of tissue that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal opening
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vestibular bulbs
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erectile tissue, extending down sides of vaginal opening
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In sexual arousal, the vestibular bulbs...
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engorge with blood, swelling the vulva and lengthening the vagina and contributing to physiological sexual pleasure for both partners
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Cervix
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lower end of the uterus
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Uterus
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where the fertilized ovum implants
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menstrual bleeding occurs when...
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formation of thick lining around the uterus and sheds if no fertilized ovum present
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Fallopian Tubes
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passageway for the ova from the ovaries to the uterus
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Ovaries
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produce ova and produce hormones
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What happens in the Follicular Phase?
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1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes 10-20 follicles to develop in the ovary
2. Estrogen is released that causes the lining of the uterus to become thick 3. One follicle develops into a mature egg and moves towards the surface of the ovary |
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What happens in ovulation?
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Estrogen triggers production of hormones that open the overy and release the egg into the Fallopian tubes to the uterus
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What happens in the Luteal Phase?
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the remnants of the follicle that released the egg and releases large amounts of progesterone and estrogen which further thickens the uterus and maintenance of it.
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if fertilization does not occur...
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the egg breaks down and progesterone levels decline leading to the disintegration of the lining
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During this Luteal phase...
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women may experience physical and emotional changes including tender or lumpy breasts, fluid retention, bloating, mood swings, tiredness or anxiety
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Menstruation occurs...
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when the broken down lining of the uterus flows out through the vagina
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Positives of using tampons
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Can go swimming, exercise etc, Can be more discrete than pads, Different sizes
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Negatives of using tampons
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Have to be comfortable touching genitals, “Virginity” myth
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Positives of Pads
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Many different sizes, Don’t need to touch genitals
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Negatives of pads
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Can be expensive and May not be discrete
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Positives of reusable cups
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Reusable, Environmentally friendly, Save money
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Negatives of reusable cups
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Have to be comfortable and consistent in rinsing and cleaning
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corpora cavernosa
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two cylinders of spongy tissue that run length of penis
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corpus spongiosum
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spongy tissue that surrounds urethra → protects urethra from being squeezed shut during erection
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corona
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ridge around the edge of the glans
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frenulum
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thin tissue that connects the underside of the glans to the shaft
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Masters & Johnson Four Phase Model
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1. Excitement phase: Increasing genital response, Sex flush, Increasing subjective excitement
2. Plateau phase 3. Orgasm or climax 4. Resolution |
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Kaplan Three Stage Model
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Sexual Desire, Excitement, Orgasm
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Basson’s Non Linear Model of Female Sexual Response
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Describes how a woman emotional intimacy, sexual stimuli, and relationship satisfaction will effect their sexual satisfaction or sexual response
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Gender roles
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how maleness or femaleness is expressed
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Gender traits
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biologically determined differences between males and females
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Orientation =
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to whom are we attracted?
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Behavior =
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with whom are we engaging in sexual acts?
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Identity =
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what do we call ourselves?
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Romantic love
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passionate love that includes
sexual desire, physical attraction, and elation |
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Companionate love (conjugal love)
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deep affection, attachment, intimacy, trust, loyalty
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Eros
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characterized by intense emotional attachment and powerful sexual feelings or desires
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Storge
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an affectionate, companionate style of loving. This love focuses on deepening mutual commitment, respect, and friendship over time
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Behavioral Reinforcement Theory of Love
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We love because another person reinforces positive feelings in ourselves
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Cognitive Theories
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A behavior occurs, and then we interpret it as love; ex: if we think someone likes us, we are more prone to find them attractive
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Physiological Arousal Theory of Love
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We are more likely to experience love when we are physiologically aroused for any reason
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Evolutionary Theory of Love
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We love in order to produce and protect offspring
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First Trimester is...
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1-13 Weeks
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Second Trimester...
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14-28 Weeks
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Obstetrician
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physician who delivers babies and is in the practice of obstetrics, the art and science of managing pregnancy, labor and the time immediately after delivery
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Midwife
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a trained professional with special expertise in supporting women to maintain a healthy pregnancy birth, offering expert individualized care, education, counseling and support to a woman and her newborn throughout the childbearing cycle.
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Nurse midwife
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an individual educated in the two disciplines of nursing and midwifery
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Labor & delivery nurse
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Nurses in this field provide care to women who are in labor or who have recently delivered, or for those who may be having complications with labor
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Doula
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A trained and experienced professional who provides continuous physical, emotional and informational support to the mother before, during and just after birth; or who provides emotional and practical support during the postpartum period
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Stages of Childbirth
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Stage One: Cervical Effacement & Dilation
Stage Two: Expulsion of the Fetus Stage Three: Expulsion of the Placenta |
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Who was the person/event that made Marriage & sexual relations were viewed as a means to improve one’s economic and social standing, permissive attitudes towards homosexual & bisexual behavior?
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Ancient Rome
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What person/era made Sexual attitudes were more conservative, chivalry, hysteria was thought to afflict women?
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Victorian Era
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What person/movement Made great political and cultural strides and has changed the nature of American society and sexual behavior. Pursuit of sexual pleasure is now seen as a woman’s legitimate right. At the forefront of the abortion debate and have been entering politics at increasing rates?
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Feminism/1950s-present day
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What person/movement made In response to high rates of sexually transmitted infections, started a movement that was a mixture of both liberal and conservative attitudes, laws were passed to mandate blood tests before marriage, unsuccessful advocacy for sex education in schools?
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Social Hygiene Movement/1900s
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What person/movement made Gay subculture established in Europe that produced a body of gay literature, Christian church instituted confession and guides appeared to teach priests about the various sins penitents might have committed?
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Middle ages/500-1400
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What person/movement made Followers established the Christian view of sexuality that was to dominate Western thought for the next 2,000 years. Celibacy and chastity became virtues, abstaining from sexual intercourse became a sign of holiness?
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St. Paul/500 AD
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What person/movement made inspired by the temperance movement and preached that a vegetarian diet was a cure for alcoholism, and, more importantly, sexual urges. Goal of his teachings was to curb lust. Believed that an unhealthy diet stimulated excessive sexual desire which irritated the body and caused disease?
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Sylvester Graham/1800s
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What person/movement had the Discovery of antibiotics, Playboy began, Birth control pill invented. Changes in sexual morality and sexual behavior?
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Sexual Revolution/1950s-1960s
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What person/movement made Intellectual and artistic thought turned from a focus on God to a focus on human beings and their place in the world, women made great strides in education and began to become more prominent in political affairs, by the 17th century, witchcraft trials appeared?
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Renaissance
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What person/movement Upright posture emphasized sensual aspects of intercourse, homo sapiens?
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Prehistoric Times
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What person/movement made Laws forbidding sexuality, marriage or breeding among members of different races, sex lives of slaves were different from those of colonists?
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Slavery in the US
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What person/movement had explicit rules about sexual behavior, Forbidding adultery, incest, Focus on marital sexuality and procreation?
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Hebrews/1000 BC
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What person /movement was mostly silent on sexual issues such as homosexuality & premarital sex, preached that men should be held to the same standards as women on issues of adultery, divorce and remarriage
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Jesus
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What person/movement focuses on Hinduism on a cycle of birth and rebirth, Kama Sutra – discusses sex, the nature of love, how to make a good home & family?
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Ancient India/500 BC
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What person/movement made more sexually permissive, distinguishing between love & sex, men & male form were idealized?
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Ancient Greece
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What person/movement is Sexual pleasure was considered natural and desirable, rise in premarital pregnancy, up to 1/5 of all brides in the late 17th century were pregnant when they got married, homosexuality was condemned and persecuted?
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Enlightenment/1700s
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What person/movement made Researchers brought sex out into the open as a subject worthy of medical, scientific and philosophical debate. Famous researchers Alfred Kinsey and Masters & Johnson were pioneers in sex research?
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Sexology/1940s
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What person/movement Formed Protestantism. Believed that marriage was a stated blessed by God. Because marriage was so important, a bad marriage should not continue and allowed divorce.
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Martian Luther/1500
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What person/movement Defied the Comstock Laws by arguing that poor workers, who were having child after child, needed birth control. Opened a birth control clinic in Brooklyn which evolved into Planned Parenthood?
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Margaret Sanger
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What person/movement is a Member of a Protestant group from England, wanted to purge the church of elaborate ceremonies and simplify worship. Believed that the entire community was responsible for upholding morality, that sexuality was good & proper within marriage?
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Purtains/1600s
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What person/movement developed Yin & Yang = universe is run by the interaction of two fundamental principles?
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Ancient China/1000 BC
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What person/movement created in 1873 a law that prohibited the mailing of obscene or indecent writing or advertisements, including articles about contraception and abortion. Thousands of books, sexual objects and contraceptive devices were destroyed as a result. The Law was struck down in 1965 by US Supreme Court?
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Anthony Comstock/1800s
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