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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prenatal Period
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the time from conception to birth
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Hormones
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Chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands into the bloodstream
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Testosterone
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A hormone secreted by the testes in the male
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Androgens
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The group of male sex hormones, one of which is testosterone
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Estrogens
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Group of female sex hormones
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Progesterone
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A female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries
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Pituitary Gland
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A small endocrine gland located on the lower side of the brain below the hypothalamus; regulates levels of sex hormones (master gland); in females it prduces prolactin (stimulates secretion of milk by mammary glands) and oxytocin (stimulates ejection of milk from nipples)
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Hypothalamus
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Small region of the brain that is important in regulating many body functions, including functions of sex hormones
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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Hormone secreted by the pituitary, stimulates follicle development in females and sperm production in males
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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A hormone secreted by the pituitary; it regulates estrogen secretion and ovum development in the female and testosterone production in the male
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GnRH (gonadotropin - releasing hormone)
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hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that regulates the pituitary's secretion of gonad-simulating hormones
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HPG Axis
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Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad Axis; the negative feedback loop that regulates sex-hormone production
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Inhibin
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Substance secreted by the testes/ovaries which regulates FSH levels (possbile future use in male contraceptives)
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Klinefelter's Syndrome
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XXY chromosomes - abnormal testes, no sperm, low testosterone
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SRY
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stands for sex-determining region, Y Chromosome...if present, testes form
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Mullerian Ducts
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Ducts found in both male and female fetuses; in males they degenerate and in females they develop into the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the upper part of the vagina
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Wolffian Ducts
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Ducts found in both male and female fetuses; in females they degenerate and in males they develop into the epididymis, the vas deferens and the ejaculatory ducts; Tubercle becomes the glans penis, the folds form the shaft of the penis, and the swelling develops into the scrotum
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Cryptorchidism
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Undescended testes; the condition in which the testes do not descend to the scrotum as they should during prenatal development
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homologous organs
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organs in the male and female that develop from the same embryonic tissue
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Analogous Organs
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Organs in the male and female that have similar functions
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Biological Variables of Gender
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Chromosomal Gender, Prenatal Gender, Gonadal Gender, Internal Organs, External Genital Appearance, Pubertal hormonal Gender
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Pshycological Variables
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Assigned Gender, Gender Identitiy
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intersex
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and individual who has a mixture of male and female reproductive structures, so that it is not clear at birth whether the individual is a male or a female
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
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A condition in which a genetic female produces abnormal levels of androgens prenatally and therefore has male-appearing genitals at birth
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Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome
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Genetic Condition in which the body is unresponsice to androgens so a genetic male may be born with a female-appearing body
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Puberty
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Time when there is sudden enlardement and maturation of the gonads, other genitalia and secondary sex characteristcs, so that the individual becomes capable of reproduction
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Menarche
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First Menstration
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Leptin
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Protein produced in the body that is related to the onset of puberty
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Andrenal Glands
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Endrocrine glands located just above the kidneys; in the female they are major producers of androgens
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Adrenarche
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A time of incresed secretion of adrenal androgens usually just before age eight
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