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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
biological sex
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physiological status as male or female
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gender
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the psychological and sociocultural definition of masculinity or femininity based on the expected behaviors for males and females
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sex chromosomes
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the pair of chromosomes that determines the biological sex of a person (xx females and xy in males)
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gonads
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the sex glands; the ovaries in females and testes in males
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androgens
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male sex hormones
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genitals
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the internal and external reproductive organs of males or females
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primary sex characteristics
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the internal and external organs; the genitals
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secondary sex characteristics
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the physical characteristics that appear at puberty and are associated with sexual maturity but not directly involved in reproduction
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sex assignment
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the decision to bring up a child with ambiguous genitalia as either male or female
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intersex
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the condition in which a person's internal organs differ from his or her external genitalia
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true hermaphrodites
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individuals who have both ovarian and testicular tissues
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gender roles
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cultural expectations about the behaviors appropriate to each gender
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gender identity
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the sense of being male or female; acquired through ages 2 and 3
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transgendered
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the condition in which an individual's biological sex and psychological gender do not match
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transsexuals
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individuals who live as the opposite gender on full-time basis
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sex reassignment
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assignment to the opposite sex after living for a period of time as the other sex
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gender stability
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the awareness that gender is a permanent characteristic; acquired between ages 4 and 5
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gender constancy
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the understanding that activities and clothes do not affect gender stability; acquired between ages 6 and 8
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androgyny
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a combination of desirable masculine and feminine characteristic in one person
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gender schema theory
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a theory suggesting that young children are motivated to attend to and behave in ways consistent with gender based standards and stereotypes of their culture
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Stereotypes
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the assumption that all members of a group are alike
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Parental investment theory
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a theory that explains gender differences in sexual attitudes and behavior as a function of the amount of time and effort men or women must devote to parenthood.
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coitus
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penile-vaginal intercourse
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Sexual response cycle
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according to maters and Johnson, the typical pattern of the human sexual response in both males and females, consisting of four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
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Excitement phase
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the first stage of the sexual response cycle characterized by an erection in males and swelling of the clitoris in females and vaginal lubrication
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Plateau Phase
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the second stage of the sexual response cycle, during which muscle tension and blood flows to the genitals increase in preparation for orgasm
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Orgasm
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the third stage in the sexual response cycle, marked by a sudden discharge of accumulated sexual tension and involuntary muscle contractions
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resolution phase
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the final stage of the sexual response cycle, during which the body returns to an unaroused state.
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estrogen
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a female sex hormone that promoted the secondary sex characteristics in females and controls the menstrual cycle
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progesterone
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a female sex hormone that plays a role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and prepares the lining of the uterus for pregnancy
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testosterone
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the most important androgen which influences the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics and sexual motivation and, in small amounts, maintains sexual interest and responsiveness in females
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sexual orientation
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the direction of one's sexual attraction, erotic feelings and sexual activity toward members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality) toward one's own sex ( homosexuality), or toward both sexes (bisexuality)
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homophobia
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an intense, irrational hostility toward or fear of homosexuals
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sexual dysfunction
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a persistent or recurrent problem that causes marked distress and interpersonal difficulty and that may involve some combination of the following; sexual desire, sexual arousal or the pleasure associated with sex, or orgasm
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hypo-active sexual desire disorder
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a sexual dysfunction marked by low or non existent sexual desire or interest in sexual activity
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Sexual aversion disorder
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a sexual dysfunction characterized by an aversion to and active avoidance of genital contact with a sexual partner
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Female sexual arousal disorder
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a sexual dysfunction in which a woman may not feel sexually aroused in response to sexual stimulation or may be unable to achieve or sustain an adequate lubrication-swelling response to sexual excitement
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erectile dysfunction
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a sexual dysfunction in which a man experiences the repeated inability to have or sustain an erection firm enough for coitus; also known as impotence
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