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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Changing Notions of Traditional Gender Roles |
-Recent trend away from strict adherence to gender-typed behavior, especially among younger people. -Women are less rooted than men in rigid gender-role stereotypes and are more inclined to embrace positions of equality with men |
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Gender Based Stereotypes (North American) Male vs. Female |
Males: Independent andaggressive Females: Dependent andsubmissive |
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What theories do we have to explain how we develop a sense of bringmale and female? |
-Chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, sex of the internal reproductive structures, sex of the external genitals and sex differentiation in the brain -Our identification with masculine or feminine roles results primarily from the social and cultural models and influences we are exposed to -It’s seen as a result of a complex interplay of biological and social-learning factors |
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Gonadal Sex |
Ovaries or Testes |
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Hormonal Sex |
Estrogens and Androgens |
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Chromosomal Sex |
XX: Female XY: Male |
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SRY Gene on Y means? DSS Gene on X means? |
-SRY Gene on Y (means AIS) -DSS Gene on X (will cause sex differentiation issues) |
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Transsexualism |
-Gender identity is opposite to biological sex, -“Genderdysmorphia": trapped in wrong body -Desires Sex Reassignment |
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Etiology/Causes of Transsexualism? |
-Not clearlyunderstood -Controversyover what is the most appropriate clinical strategies for dealing with it.Evidence is inconclusive. -Theories suggest biological factors andprenatal exposure to inappropriate amounts of hormones of the other sex causesimproper brain differentiation -Evidence indicates that sexual differentiationof the brain and the genitals occur discordantly -Social-learningsignificantly contribute to the development of transsexualism |
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Transsexual Treatment Procedures |
-Extensiveinterviews, a person’s motivations for undergoing the change is evaluated -Then adoptinga lifestyle consistent with their gender identity -Then hormonetherapy -Final step issurgery, most effective for men to women sex change -Cross dressingis sufficient enough sometimes, -If not, Surgical and hormonal alteration ofgenital anatomy and body physiology |
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Transsexual Procedure Outcomes |
-Successful -Mostpeople who have undergone these procedures experience significant improvementin their overall adjustment to life -Male to Female: successful, canachieve orgasm -Female to Male: can’t have an erection,penis formed from abdominal skin or from tissue of labia and perineum |
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Transsexual Subtypes |
Exclusively Homosexual Autogynephilic (non-homosexual: sexually aroused by the thought orimage of oneself as female) |
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Transgender |
Appearanceand/or behavior does not conform to traditional gender roles |
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Transgender Subtypes |
Androphilic (attracted to males), menwho cross-dress and assume a female role? -Gynephilic (attracted to females) menwho have urges to become female, but are content to live in a male role, crossdress sometimes -gynephilic (attracted to females)women who have masculine qualities, but never seek sex reassignment |
