Human Sexual Behavior

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Gender Similarities Hypothesis

Back 1

Males & females are more similar than different. except that men show greater:

- Incidence of masturbation

- Porn use

- Casual sexual behavior

(Intellectual, emotional, and socially similar)

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Hemaphrodites

Back 2

Individuals whose phenotype does not match their genotype

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Turner's Syndrome

Back 3

(X0) - A syndrome where the person is missing the second X chromosome. These women tend to be shorter, and sexually underdeveloped, but most still identify as female.

Front 4

Klinefelter's Syndrome

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(XXY) - Individuals who have an added Y chromosome, Usually are males with breasts, small testes, short penises, low testosterone. Many will identify as male, and seek gender transition

Front 5

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

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A hormone variation where the fetus is exposed to high levels of androgens and experience virilization (where the genitals being to look like male sex organs)

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Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

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Persons with a male genetic makeup, but female phenotypic characteristics because their body tissues do not respond to androgens. Many identify as heterosexual females.

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5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency

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An hormonal deficiency where the external genitals at birth are female, but during puberty, testosterone levels kick in and they develop more male characteristics

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Penile Agenesis

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Males who never develop a penis. Many of these males still assume a male role

Front 9

Gender Queer

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When a person does not fit into socially constructed gender labels

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Gender Socialization

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How others react and interpret your behaviors to be characteristically male or female

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Autogynophilia

Back 11

A trans identity in which the individual loves the feeling of being a woman (man -> woman) and then identifies as a lesbian after transitioning into a woman

- Issues with being seen as a fetish and not a gender identity because many times, the self-arousal aspect diminishes after surgery

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Heterosexism

Back 12

The assumed "gold-standard" of society, where heterosexuality is assumed

Front 13

Conversion Therapy

Back 13

A type of therapy aimed toward changing a person's sexual orientation

Front 14

Affectional Orientation

Back 14

Also known as sexual orientation, is a description of sexual attraction, sexual fantasies, and sexual preference

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Theory

Back 15

System of explanation that is supported by observation, and must satisfy 3 characteristics

1. Supported by empirical data

2. Falsifiable

3. Predictive power

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Hypothesis

Back 16

A prediction , based on a theory, about a specific outcome, that is able to be tested in a controlled environment

Front 17

Psycho dynamic theory

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Sigmund Freud's theory about psycho sexual development that focuses on the location of libidinal energy

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Psychoanalysis

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A type of therapy developed from Freud's psycho dynamic theory that works on overcoming mental health issues by understanding personality & history

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Daryl Bem's Theory

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Theory "exotic becomes erotic", that says that sexual orientation is not innate, but learned, when we grow up and begin to become affectionate towards that which is foreign to us (girls --> boys, vice versa)

Front 20

Operant Conditioning

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A process by which an individual gets frequent rewards until the individual provides the desired behavior

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Oedipus Complex

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Part of the phallic stage where a boy sees his father as a rival for his mother's affection

Front 22

Classical Conditioning

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Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus will, over time, result in a conditioned response. (used to understand the development of various compulsive and sexual behaviors)

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Social Learning Theory

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A theory based on the notion that learning occurs through modelling observed beahviors

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Self-Efficacy

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A persons's belief that she or he can competently perform a specific behavior

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Social Exchange Theory

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A Theory that describes how people try to maximize rewards and minimize costs

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Cognitive Theories

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Theories that may explain a number of sexual problems and patterns of sexual behavior due to learned beliefs

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Dyspareunia

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Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

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Genetic Theory

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Theory that looks at the role genes play in influences behavior

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Socio-biological Theory

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A theory that applies evolutionary biology to explain social behaviors

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Intrasexual Selection

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Type of evolutionary selection by which males combat each other to win over sexual mates in a species group

Front 31

Intersexual Selection

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Type of evolutionary selection by which the female chooses a sexual mate to reproduce with

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Dual Control Model of Sexuality

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A theory that suggests that human sexual responses involve the interaction two opposing neurobiological impulses: excitement or inhibition

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Sociological Theory

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A theory that highlights the importance of social institutions such as religion and family. They determine how sexuality is defined and expressed within a given society

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Social Script Theory

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A theory that indicates that social interactions are made easy and predictable because we follow culturally predefined patterns of behavior

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Feminist Theory

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Theory that discusses inequities between males and females and are reflected in their relationships. Only discusses "typical" sexual behavior on male pleasure, an agenda reflecting male privilege

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Parental Investment Theory

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A theory that says women and men are faced with different reproductive problems, owing to the biological parameters of their potential reproductive output

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Female Sexuality Fluidity Hypothesis

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The idea that female sexuality is more malleable than male sexuality in response to cultural influences

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"Bogus Pipeline" Methodology

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A research method aimed to eliminate reporting bias between men and women

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Surveys Design

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Collecting info about sexuality through standardized or un-standardized questionnaires

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Correlational Design

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Examine the strength of the relationship b/w two or more variables

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Quasi-Experiment

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Using standardized procedures to evaluate the relationship between two variables but does not use random assignment

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Case Study

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Examines a single event/group/individual in detail over a period of time

- Weakness: Interpretation bias, and non-generalizable results

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Content Analysis

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Identifies themes of meaning in a text or set of observations

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Dual Control Model of Sexuality

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A theory that suggests than an individual's sexual responses are influenced by the balance between neurological, environmental, and cultural processes that activate sexual response