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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define human rights |
- In general sense human rights refer to a collection of basic rights of freedom, believed to belong justifiably to all human beings -They are considered |
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What is the role of the UN |
- vast organisation with substantial power, consisting of 192 member states. -principal international organisation -in charge of international affairs - 5 principal organs |
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General assembly |
- consisting of representatives from all member states with equal voting power -main forum for int. discussion -UN's principal human rights body -UNHRC |
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Security Council |
-charged with maintenance of int peace and security -exercises its power through legally binding resolutions, can authorise military actions, sanctions or peace keeping operations -has 5 permanent members with power to veto decisions (US,UK,China, Russia and France)- 10 non permanent with 2 year terms |
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Economic and Social councial |
-54 rotating members meeting anually to assist in promoting economic and social co-operation
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Secretariat |
-main administrative body of UN -over 40 000 staff working worldwide -headed by Secretary general Ban Ki moon |
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International court of justice (ICJ) |
principal judicial organ of the UN, has jurisdiction under the UN charter to settle int. disputes. Cases only rarely relate to issues of human rights |
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Human rights council |
meet to discuss on how to respond to human rights concerns around the world |
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Human rights are... |
Universal, inherent and inalienable( cant be given up or taken away) |
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Human rights are recognised in.. |
Charter of the Uniter Nations 1945 and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 |
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How many articles is in the UDHR, name 3 |
-30 articles - prohibites discrimination, right to work and join trade unions, right to participate freely in cultural rights |
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TRUE OR FALSE. The UDHR is legally binding |
False |
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Decribe the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) |
- Established in 1966 -main function is to protect from the actions of oppressive governmets -covenant expand on many rights in the UDHR
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What is the ICCPR? |
- Internaional Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -Established in 1966 -recognised cultural, social and economic rights of all people -e.g. Right to self determination, equal rights for men and woman and right to an education |
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What is state sovereignty? |
Recognises that nations have the right to govern themselves and to determine their own destiny, and that other nations do not have the right to interfere in the internal affairs of another nation without its official consent |
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- Evaluate the effectiveness of int. responses in promoting and enforcing human rights |
- not all treaties are ratified - it is argued that the UDHR binds nations -Enforcement of any int. law is problematic because it relies on consensus (general agreement) - means some nation can ignore the laws - Security council proven to be wary of intervening abuses in sovereign states -Media is effective as it quickly mobilises action against human rights abuse |
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How are human rights incorporated in domestic law? |
- The Australia constitution -Common Law -Statute law -Non-interference -Courts and trbunals
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Argument supporting the charter of rights
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-Reflecting basic Aus values -Contributing to a culture of respect for human rights -Protecting the marginalised and disadvantaged -Improving quality and accountability of government -bringing Australia in line with other democracies |
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Argumens AGAINST the charter of rights |
-Adequacy of current HR protection in Aus -Better human rights protection is not guaranteed -Major economic cost
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What are IGOS? |
-intergovernmental organisation -international institution comprised of various member states -UN is most important IGOs -Other important IGOs: NATO and INTERPOL |
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ICC (Int. Criminal court) and Ad hoc tribunals |
- prosecute international crime -The ICC is not a court for human rights violations -prosecutes and hears matters of the most serious int. crimes, e.g. genocide -Has jurisdiction to prosecute people rather than states
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What are NGOS? |
organisationsc reated by people that are independent and without represenation of any government. They play an indispensable role in informing the global community. E.g. Red Cross, Ammensty International, UNICEF |
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Describe the role of the media |
-"names and shames" govern. and human rights violators -exposing it will have a significant influence on public opinion and government action
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Name a well known Australian tribunal |
-The Australian Human Rights Commission - independent national body and not influenced by govern. -Deals with mainly alleged violations of Australia anti-discrimination legislation |
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What is human trafficking? |
The trade in human beings mainly in the area of sexual slavery, forced labor or for the extradition for organs or tissues. -Stats: 4 hundred million are subjected to trafficking across state borders (2007 UNIFEM) |
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What is 'ILO' |
International Labour organisation |
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When was slavery abolished? |
Slavery convention (1926) |
