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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition: Morula
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in the fallopian tubes after three divisions. It is a ball of cells that will enter uterus about 4 days after ovulation and becomes a blastocsyt
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Definition: blastocyst
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formed from morula. It’s hollow and has two parts (1. Inner cell mass and trophoblast)
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Definition: inner cell mass
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part of blastocyst composed of embryo itself and some extra embryonic tissue
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Definition: trophoblast
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part of blastocyst composed of extra embryonic tissue, including placenta
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What are the functions of each extraembryonic membranes?
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Yolk sac: connected to digestive tract of embryo, where priordial germ cells and first blood cells form, reptilian ancestry
Allantois: connected to urinary bladder, becomes part of placenta Amniotic sac: surrounds and cushions embryo Chorion: surrounds embryo and aminion, forms part of placenta, umbilical cord |
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What are the signs of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia?
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- most likely if first pregnancy or hypertensive
- high blood pressure, protein in urine, swelling - treat with bed rest - cause still not certain |
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Name the main germ layers and list the parts of the body derived from each of them
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1. ectoderm (blue outer layer): brian, sense organs, nervous system, outer skin
2. mesoderm (red middle): muscle, circulatory system, skelton, kidneys, reproductive system, deeper layers of skin 3. endoderm (yellow last): inner lining of digestive and respiratory systems |
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Explain how the neural tube forms.
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ectoderm folds on "back" side of embryo. folds meet and form neural tube
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Atria vs ventricles
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artia (L&R): receive blood from veins, reparated frome achother by a wall
ventricles (L&R): receive blood from atria, pump out blood to arteries |
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The pulmonary vs systemic loops
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pul: artiers carry deoxy blood from RV to lungs; veins carry ox blood to LA
sys: artiers carry ox blood from LV; viens carry deoxy blood to RA |
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What are the hormones secreted by the placenta and what are their functions?
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1. hCG
2. Estrogen in pregnancy: breast, pit secrete prolactin, oxytocin 3. progesteron in pregnancy: maintains secretory phase, appetite, proper environment 4. relaxin: loosesn pelvic bones |
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What are general causes of abnormal chromosome numbers?
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errors in meiosis, fertilization, and mitosis after fertilization
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hCG
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trophoblast secretes it
indicates pregnancy, prevents CL regression, productes proges and estra, menstrual suspended, prevents expulsion of embryo declines 2 months and proges takes over |
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list stages of pregnancy
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after fertilization (which DOES NOT establish pregnancy - implantation does)
conceptus (2 weeks) embryonic (3-8 weeks) fetal (9 weeks and on) |
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fetal stage vs embryonic stage
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fetal: growth and maturation (9 and on weeks)
embry: tissues and organs formed (3-8 weeks) |
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what does the nueral tube become?
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brian and spinal cord (nerves grow out of organs ->CNS)
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what does the remainder of ectoderm become?
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skin and sense organs
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immediate causes of labor
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oxytocin: uterus contracts
prostaglandins: uterus contracts, cervix softens |
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List labor stages and sub stages
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1. effacent and dilation (a. early b. active c. transition)
2. expulsion 3. placental 4. recovery |
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Effacement and dilation stage of labor
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thinning, mouth of cervix opens - hours to a day
a. early - 4cm cervix contractions 5-20 min apart mucous plug exprelled water breaks 6-12 hours b. active: 4-8cm contractions 2-5 min apart 4-8 hours c. transition: 8-10cm fetus decends into pelvic cavity not yet time to push |
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Expulsion stage of labor
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10cm-birth
1/2-1 hour episiotomy (cut tissue) mother pushes crowning baby slides out (um is cut and medicine on babys eyes) |
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Placental stage of labor
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15-30 min
some blood loss |
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Recovery stage of labor
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continued contractions to reduce size of uterus
2-3 hours |
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Adult circulatory system flow
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Lungs -> ox blood enters LA --> LV --> arteries --> Body --> (deoxy) viens --> RA --> RV --> arteries --> Lungs
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fetus circulatory system flow
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LV --> arteries --> SPLIT body / placent --> REJOIN viens --> RA --> RV or LA --> RV to lungs / LA to LV
all mixed blood except placenta which is oxy and body where its deoxy |
