Human Relations- Chapter 1

Front 1

What are 2 aspects of "development?"

Back 1

1. physical
2. phsychological

Front 2

Name 3 criteria for Development Change

Back 2

1. Orderly and sequential-humans develop in the same order and sequence
2. Permanent alteration in behavior
3. New behavior is more advanced.

Front 3

What are 2 types of change?

Back 3

1. Quantitative- easily measurable
2. Qualitative-variations and modifications

Front 4

Heredity
or Nature theory

Back 4

"animal instincts", known as the "nature theory of human behavior.

Front 5

Environment
or Nuture theory

Back 5

*people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so.

Front 6

According to the theory on heredity vs environment or Nature vs. Nurture what traits could possibly be inherited?

Back 6

*addictions, drinking, smoking, depression, obesity
1 parent= 40% risk for child
2 parents= 80% risk for child

Front 7

B.F. Skinner analyzed behavior in animals and people. Name 2 theories and give an example of each

Back 7

1. Operant Conditioning
2.Behavior Modification

Front 8

Operant Conditioning

Back 8

*a process of changing behavior by rewarding or punishing a subject each time an action is performed until the subject associates the actions

Front 9

Behavior Modification

Back 9

*changing a negative or undesirable behavior into a more acceptable one
*no punishment

Front 10

Name 4 systems of Urie Bronfenbrenner

Back 10

1. Microsystem
2. Mesosystem
3.Exosystem
4. Macrosystem

Front 11

Microsystem

Back 11

*setting in which an individual lives, individual helps construct the setting. Family peers, school, neighborhood, direct interaction
*how you see the world

Front 12

Mesosytem

Back 12

*A system of microsystems. Linkage to between settings.
*going from home to school

Front 13

Exosystem

Back 13

*2 or more setting but it doesn't include the child but there is still a direct effect.
*parents have a bad day, can affect the home

Front 14

Macrosystem

Back 14

*Social blueprint for a particular culture influenced by a variety of internal and external processes including, belief systems, life systems, religious beliefs and government.

Front 15

Sigmund Freud felt a personality had 3 parts, What are they?

Back 15

1. Id or child
2.Ego or adult
3. Superego or parent

Front 16

Freud though the mid operated on 3 different levels. What are they?

Back 16

1. conscious level-thoughts a person is aware of
2. preconscious level- memories or stored knowledge
3. Unconscious level- unaware, can be fears,violent motives, immoral urges.

Front 17

Erikson studied from Anna Freud. He believed a personality was shaped over life long experiences. What are the stages

Back 17

1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Automony vs. Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Indentify vs. Role Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Geraractivity vs. Stagnation
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Front 18

Trust vs Mistrust

Back 18

*birth to 18 mos
*development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child's caregivers.

Front 19

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Back 19

*18mos - 3 years
*psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on the children developing a greater sense of personal control
*toilet training was a vital part of this process.

Front 20

Intitiative vs. Guilt

Back 20

*3-6 years
*children begin to assert their power and control over the world.
*those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt and lack or initiative.

Front 21

Industry vs Inferiority

Back 21

*6-12 years
*children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.

Front 22

Identity vs. Role confusion

Back 22

*12-19 years
*most important stage to accomplish
*children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self

Front 23

Intimacy vs. Isolatin

Back 23

*20-40 years
*early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships
*those who are successful at this step will develop relationships that are committed and secure.

Front 24

Generactivity vs. Stagnation

Back 24

*41- 64 years
*build our lives, focusing on our career and family.

Front 25

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Back 25

* old age
*reflect back on their life
*unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets.
*thos who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity.

Front 26

Jean Piaget, Name 4 stages of his theory.

Back 26

1. Sensorimotor Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operations Stage

Front 27

Sensorimotor Stage

Back 27

*birth- 2yrs.
*looking, sucking, grasping, and listening, to learn more about the environment.

Front 28

Preoperational Stage

Back 28

*2-6yrs
*language development, increase in playing and pretending.

Front 29

Concrete Operational Stage

Back 29

*7-11yrs
*children begin thinking logically about concrete events,

Front 30

Formal Operations Stage

Back 30

*12-adulthood
*begin to consider possible outcomes.

Front 31

Piaget believed taht we learn new information in one of two ways.

Back 31

1. Assimilation- part of the adaptation process. Through assimilation, we take in new information or experiences and incorporate them into our existing ideas.
2. Accomodation- take in new information or experiences and incorporate them into our existing ideas.

Front 32

What are the 5 levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of human needs?

Back 32

1. physical needs
2. safety needs
3. love and belonging needs
4. esteem needs
5. self actualizaiton needs