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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Development
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*all humans develop in the same order and sequence.
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Qualitative Change
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*Variations and modifications in functioning.
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Heredity vs. Environment
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*animal instincts=nature
*environment=nuture, taught to do. |
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Erikson's Theory of Development
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*Trust vs. Mistrust
*Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt *Initiative vs. Guilt *Industry vs. Inferiority *Indentity vs. Role confusion *intimacy vs. Isolation |
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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*birth - 18 months
*Most fundamental stage in life, because develops security due to being totally dependent. |
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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*18-36months
*Children develop a greater sense of parental control. |
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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*3-6years
*children begin to assert their power and control over their world. |
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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*6-12years
*develop pride in their accomplishments and abilities. |
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Identity vs. Role Confusion
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*12-19years
*sometimes goes through the 30's *Most important stage of accomplishment, sence of independence |
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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*20-40years
*exploring personal relationships. |
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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*41-64years
*Build lives, focus on career & family. |
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Ego Integrity vs. Despair
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*Old age
*reflect back on life, can be either negative or positve |
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*Jean Piaget's Theory of Development
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*Sensory Motor
*Pre-operational *Concrete Operational *Formal Operations *Reflexes *Schema *Operations Assimilation *Operant Conditioning |
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Sensory Motor
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*birth- 2 years,
*looking, grasping, sucking and learn about environment. |
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Pre-Operational
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*2-6 years
*language development increases and playing pretend. |
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Concrete operational
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*7-11 years
*children begin thinking logically about concrete event. |
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Formal operations
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*12-adulthood
*become to consider possible outcomes. |
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Reflexes
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*born with sucking, grasping, listening and learning about the environment.
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Schema
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*mental and physical actions involved in understanding and knowing.
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Operations
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*logical thought process.
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Assimilation
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*part of the adaptation process.
*we take new information or experiences and incorporate them into existing ideas. |
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Operant Conditioning
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*process of changing behavior by rewarding or punishing a subject each time an action is performed.
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Urie Bronfenbrenner's Theory of Humanistic Development
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*microsystem
*mesosytem *exosystem *macrosystem |
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Mesosystem
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*how "you" see the world; family, peers, school.
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Mesosystem
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*linkage between settings, going from home to school.
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Exosystem
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*2 or more settings, does not include child.
*parents have a bad day at work, it can affect the home. |
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Family Life Cycle
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*begining stage
*parental stage includes: 1.expanding 2.developmental 3.launching 4.middle age stage 5.empty nest Theory 6.Retirment stage |
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Begining Stage
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*most difficult stage.
*learn to rely on each other and act like a team. |
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Expanding
of Parental Stage |
*New members being added.
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Developmental
of Parental Stage |
*School age children, more activity outside of the home.
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Launching of
Parental Stage |
*children leave the home and over half return to save and pay off loans.
**warn your parents that you will be back! ha, ha (if you read this, I know you studied!) |
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Middle Age
of Parental Stage |
*increase income, more opportunity to save for retirement, care for aging parents and the balance can be difficult.
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Empty Nest theory
of Parental Stage |
*children gone- parents become a couple again.
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Retirement of Parental Stage
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*some look forward to it, and some fear it.
*some travel, volunteer or continue to work. |
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Stress
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*The effect of physical and psychological demands on a person. Effect self-esteem
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Tension
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*1st sign of acute stress
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Acute Stress
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*immediate stree
*not harmful unless it happens often. |
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Alarm
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*1st stage
*body releases hormones/adrenaline, cortisol *they activate nerves and system. |
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Reistance
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*2nd stage
*speed up functioning *muscles contract, other body functions to shut down *some systems at this point are less important |
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Recovery/Exhaustion
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*3rd stage
*stress can make you stronger *choose not to fight/give up, become tired or depressed |
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Fight or Flight
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**Initial stage that starts "stress"
*pupils widen, muscles tense, heart rate increases *fuels are released for quick energy *immune system temporarily shuts down. * |
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Effects of stress
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*not *acute stress
*tension *chronic stress *long term effects |
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Acute stress
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*immediate stress, not harmful unless it happens often
*similar to fight/flight *body stays alert until mind gives "all clear" *can lead to chronic stress if body doesn't recover |
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Chronic stress
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*(remember, this is the next level of stress after acute stress)
*direct result of life condition, can be job for example *affects the cardio, nervous and immune system. *can lead to high blood pressure *can intensify diseases like depression, heart disease and asthma. |
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Long Term effects
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*important factor is how you perceive stress and control its outcome through coping strategives
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Stress Management Tips
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*nutrition
*exercise *relaxation *sleep |
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Nutrition
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*should be a lifestyle, colorful
*all beige diet is bad, *eat the colors of the rainbow. |
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Exercise
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*release musle tension
*greater ability to concentrate *reduces anxiety, better mood *better sleeping patterns |
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Relaxation
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`*physiological
*psychological |
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Physiological
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*slows breathe/hear rate, increase oxygen consumption, lowers and stabilizes blood pressure
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Psychological
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*"mental vacation"
*state of mind, creates an inner calm |
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Sleep
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*body's needs to rejuvenate
*body needs 8 hours of sleep, teen need more, (12 hrs) |
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Anger
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*is an energizer
*defend ourselves *stamina *supplies energy to the struggle *allows us to take charge *feeling of control |
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Anger gives us information
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*about people and situations
*signal its time to deal with |
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Negative things about Anger
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*interfers with clear thinking
*often causes us to act on impulse |
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Negative Anger= cont.
Anger is used at times to protect our pride, cover embarrassment or hut |
*it seems easier to be angry
*used to prevent us from facing our feelings *can lead to aggression *negative impression to others |
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Types of Anger
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*stuffing
*escalating |
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Stuffing Anger
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*fear of hurting other people
*think its inappropriate to be angry *fear of being rejected |
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Stuffed Anger harmful effects
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*ulcers
*migraines *depression *over eating *under eating |
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Esclating
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*negative anger style
*almost always begin their sentence with "you" *blame others for their anger *make situations worse *use name calling *use hard words, always, never *tell others what to do *rant and rave, cause a scene |
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Common reasons for escalating
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*to gain control of the other person
*may bring violence to relationships *may get their way but the conflict is not resolved and will get back at that person *prone to heart attacks |
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People who DIRECT their anger
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*feel more intimate and close int heir relationship
*communicate better *get their message across *more likely to be listened to and heard *generally feel they have made contact in a personal way |
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Characteristics of a Directing Situation
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*voice level is not too loud
*use good eye contact **Avoid Words: always, never, should, you |
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Anxiety or Panic Disorder
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*similar to stress in the body,
*some anxiety is normal, but can become a disability. *many types of anxiety/panic |
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Social Anxiety Disorder
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*social phobia, overwelming owrry and self conscious about everyday social situations
*worry about being judged. |
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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*constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain rituals or routines.
*thoughts = obsessions *rituals = compulsion |
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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*a condition develops after a traumatic/terrifying event
*sexual and physical assual *natural disaster *example: war verterans commonly experience this * |
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Teen Suicide
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*3rd leading cause of death between the ages of 15-24
*between 25-34 is the 2nd leading cause of death **rates increase for kids 10-19 years old. Why: most DO NOT want to die, but a way to end their pain. |
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Attempter of Teen Suicide
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*usually female,
*1st born *strive for perfectionism *excessive guilt *able to help but not receive it |
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Commiter of Teen Suicide
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*women try it more often, but men are 4 X more likely to die
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Triggers of Teen Suicide
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*keep things inside,
*loner *abused *1 in 4 teens consider suicide *possession, purchase or access of weapon, pills or other means of self inflicting harm. *problems at school, loss of a parent, legal/discipline problems, stress, staying seperat *can because of sexual orientation |
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Warning Signs
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*making statements about suicide
*preoccupation with death in writing, drawing, conversation *withdraw from family/friends *hostile *risk taking behavior *neglect of appearance |
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Prevention Skills
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*listen and hear what is being said
* be assertive and get help, break confidentiality!!! *Do NOT keep a secret *make a contract or agreement that they are not to do anything until you meet again. ACT: act, care, tell |
