Human Physiology Renal Lab Ucf

Front 1

Primary function of Kidney that wasn't in lecture?

Back 1

Conversion of Vitamin D3 into its active form.

Front 2

Renal blood flow

Back 2

renal artery > Interlobar artery > arcuate artery > Interlobular artery > afferent arteriole > glomulerus > efferent arteriole > peritubular capilaries/vasa recta > Interlobular vein > arcuate vein > interlobar vein > renal vein

Front 3

Juxtamedullary nephron

Back 3

-Longer loops of Henle; which extend all the down the Renal medulla.

-Glomeruli originate in outer region of cortex.

-Better at making concentrated urine.

Front 4

Juxtamedullary nephron percentage in humans?

Back 4

15%

Front 5

Cortical nephron

Back 5

-Glomeruli originate in the inner region of cortex.

-Shorter loops of Henle.

Front 6

Cortical nephron percentage in humans?

Back 6

85% in humans

Front 7

The fluid that enters the glomerular capsule is called ________

Back 7

ultrafiltrate

Front 8

The GFR averages _______ in woman and _________ in men. It is _____ per day

Back 8

-115 ml per min in women

-125 ml per min in men

-180 L per day = 45 gallons

Front 9

Only about _____ Liters is excreted as urine, meaning that ≈ ____% is reabsorbed.

Back 9

-1-2

-99% is reabosorbed

Front 10

The total blood volume, about ____ Liters, is filtered about every _______

Back 10

-5.5L

-40 minutes.

Front 11

the movement of water and plasma solutes from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.

Back 11

Filtration

Front 12

when a substance is transported from the filtrate, through tubular cells, and into the blood.

Back 12

Tubular reabsorption

Front 13

a substance is transported from peritubular blood, through tubular cells, and into the filtrate.

Back 13

Tubular secretion

Front 14

_________ occurs constantly regardless of hydration state.

Back 14

Reabsorption occurs constantly regardless of hydration state.

Front 15

Energy expended for reabsorption by PCT and loop of Henle is ___% of calories consumed at rest.

Back 15

6%

Front 16

____% of glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed in early portion of nephron.

____% remains to enter distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.

Back 16

-85%

-15%

Front 17

Obligatory water loss is ______ per day.

-When this amount is excreted, _____% of glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed.

Back 17

-400 mL

-99.8%

-

Front 18

-Under a normal state of hydration, ___ Liters is excreted meaning ____% of glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed.

Back 18

-1.5L

-99.2%

Front 19

Xenobiotic

Back 19

molecules that are foreign to the body; including toxins and bacteria

Front 20

Concentration of K+ in urine is controlled in collecting duct by ______

Back 20

aldosterone

Front 21

When aldosterone is absent, how much K+ is excreted in the urine?

Back 21

no K+ is excreted in the urine

Front 22

Elevated potassium levels in the blood stimulate _______; which is a hormone essential for potassium secretion.

Back 22

aldosterone

Front 23

Approximately how much of filtered salt and water gets reabsorbed across the PCT.

Back 23

65%

Front 24

How much of Na transport is controlled by hormones at the PCT?

Back 24

none

Front 25

Cell type of the PCT? Function?

Back 25

-The PCT is composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells with millions of microvilli.

-Increases surface area

Front 26

Descending limb permeability?

Back 26

Only permeable to water

Front 27

Osmotic gradient of water in decending limb?

Back 27

water flows out of limb

Front 28

In the descending limb, filtrate becomes _____ concentrated; while volume is _______.

Back 28

-more

-decreased as H2O leaves

Front 29

Ascending limb permeability?

Back 29

-Active transport of salt [Na+Cl-]

-Impermeable to H2O

Front 30

Filtrate becomes ______ as more solute is reabsorbed; while interstitial fluid of medulla becomes ________.

Back 30

-increasing dilute

-more concentrated

Front 31

Presence of microvili in DCT?

Back 31

very few microvili

Front 32

reabsorption at the DCT is under ________ control

Back 32

hormonal control

Front 33

At the DCT:
Na+ is regulated by ______

Ca2+ is regulated by _______

Cl– ?

Back 33

-aldosterone

-parathyroid hormone

-Cl– passively follows Na+

Front 34

Urea reabsorption increased by ____.

Back 34

ADH.

Front 35

Reabsorption of water occurs through a positive feedback mechanism, known as the ______.

Back 35

countercurrent multiplier system

Front 36

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Back 36

Region each nephron where the afferent arteriole comes in contact with the thick ascending limb

Front 37

A decrease in plasma Na+ results in a fall in blood volume. _________ secrete renin into afferent arteriole

Back 37

-Granular cells

Front 38

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide [ANP]

Back 38

-Produced by atria of the heart due to stretching of the walls when blood pressure is [high].

-Aldosterone antagonist

-Increases Na+ and H2O excretion.  Acts as endogenous diuretic.