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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify the different types of carbohydrates & lipids, and give examples of each type
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-Monosaccharides-simple sugar(Glucose, Galactose, Fructose)
-Disaccharide- two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond. (sucrose) -Polysaccharide-several monosaccharides joined together |
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Define Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis
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-Dehydration Synthesis (condensation)- hydrogen atom is removed from one molecule, and a hydroxyl group is removed from another to form water
-Hydrolysis (split)- breaks bonds between monosaccharides; add water and split the molecule |
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Describe the nature of phospholipids & prostaglandins
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-
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Describe amino acids & explain how peptide bonds between them are formed and broken
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.
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Describe the different orders of protein structure, the different functions of proteins, & how protein structure grants specificity of function
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.
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Describe the function of nucleotides & distinguish between the structure of DNA & RNA
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.
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Explain the law of complementary base pairing, & describe how that occurs between the two strands of DNA
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.
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What is a polymer?
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-substance that has a molecular structure consisting of a large number of similar units bonded together, (plastic)
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What process(s) are used to break up fates, proteins, and nucleic acids?
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Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis
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Explain how dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis reactions occurs in carbohydrates & triglycerides
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.
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Monosaccharides examples
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Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
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Disaccharide examples
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Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
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Polysaccharide Example
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Cellulose, Glycogen, Starch
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The sequence of amino acids and the structure of a protein is determined by:
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genetic information
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Proteins can serve a wider variety of functions than any type of molecule in the body. Check the statements that correctly describe these functions.
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-carries oxygen in the blood
-transports lipids in the blood -forms micelles that face aqueous environments |
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Phospholipids mixed in water tend to group together so that their polar parts face surrounding water molecules forming:
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micelles
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There are _____ different amino acids that can be used to form a protein.
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20
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Four nitrogenous bases
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-Guanine
-Thymine -Cytosine -Adenine |
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DNA Structure- Double Helix
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-Adenine, Thymine
-Guanine, Cytosine -Thymine, Adenine -Adenine, Thymine -Cytosine, Guanine -Thymine, Adenine |
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_____ are the subunits of nucleic acids bonded together in dehydration synthesis to form long polynucleotides
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nucleotides
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Amino acids contain:
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An amino group on one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group on another end
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Identify the complimentary DNA strand to ATTCGA.
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TAAGCT
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The structure of a protein can be described at _____ different levels
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4
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The _____level of structure describes the sequence of amino acids in the particular protein. This is the _____structure
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-first, primary
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Weak___ bonds may form between the hydrogen atom of an amino acid group and a(n) _____atom from a different amino acid nearby. This causes the polypeptide chain to assume a particular shape, the ____ structure of the protein.
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hydrogen,secondary
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When the polypeptide chains fold upon themselves they produce a ____ structure. This 3-d shape is unique for each protein.
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tertiary
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A protein composed of a number of polypeptide chains bonded_____together such as hemoglobin forms a ______structure.
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covalently, quaternary
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Disaccharides and _____ are bonded together ______ by a type of reaction called ____ synthesis
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-polysaccharides, covalently, dehydration
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Rapid hydrolysis of triglycerides can cause a decreased pH and an increase of blood levels of _______
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ketone bodies
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In this type of reaction, water molecules are split off as peptide bonds are produced between amino acids:
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dehydration synthesis
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Prostaglandins functions include;
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-regulation of blood vessel diameter
-ovulation -uterine contraction during labor -inflammation reaction -blood clotting -protein synthesis |
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Sufficient amounts of ketone bodies in the blood will lower the blood pH. This is known as
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ketoacidosis
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What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?
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peptide
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The helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds and other weak forces is an example of
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secondary structure of proetin
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In the stable form of protein, what is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule?
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hydrophobic portions
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When forming a semi-solid gel such as gelatin, what type of molecule does the process of protein coagulation entrap?
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water
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The _____ effect of phopholipids prevents the lungs from collapsing due to surface tension forces.
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surfactant
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Molecules in the lipid category have a common physical property. They are all:
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insoluble in polar solvents
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Nucleotides in RNA differ from those in DNA. A ______contains the sugar_____. The base _____is found in place of ________. ______ is composed of a ____ polynucleotide stand. While ______ is ____ stranded.
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-ribonucleotide, ribose, uracil, thymine, RNA, single, DNA, double
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The general formula for carbohydrates is:
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C H O; 1:2:1 ratio
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Two monosaccharides can be joined covalently to form a(n):
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disaccharide
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Sugar molecules in the nucleotides of DNA are a type of pentose (five-carbon) sugar called _____.
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deoxyribose
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