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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell
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basic unit of structure in the body
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Organelles
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subcellular structures which perform many of the functions of the cell
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2 functions of plasma membrane
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1. selective communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments
2. aids cellular movement |
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14 principal organelles
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1. nucleus
2. nucleolus 3. centriole 4. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 5. golgi complex 6. nuclear envelope 7. mitochondrion 8. lysosome 9. plasma membrane 10. microtubule 11. cytoplasm 12. ribosome 13. rough endoplasmic reticulum 14. chromatin |
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The enzyme ______ unzips and unwinds the DNA molecule for replication.
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helicase
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The leading strand of DNA is replicated ___________ while the lagging strand is replicated __________.
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continuously, discontinuously
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What is the replication fork?
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the point where DNA is separated
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DNA replication results in _______ identical daughter molecules.
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2
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When acetylcholine receptor sites are not occupied the sodium channel ________ __________.
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remains closed
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What happens when acetylcholine receptors are occupied?
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sodium channel opens
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Acetylcholine is a(n) _________.
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ligand
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When sodium channels are open, sodium ions diffuse through and (enter/leave) the cell?
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enter
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What forms the sodium channel?
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protein
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Sodium channels in the cell membrane have receptor sites for __________.
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acetylcholine
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3 stages of the cell cycle:
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1. cell growth
2. nuclear division, mitosis 3. cytoplasm division, cytokinesis |
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3 parts of interphase:
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1. G1
2. S 3. G2 |
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DNA replication occurs during the _______ phase of interphase.
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S
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4 stages of mitosis:
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1. prophase
2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase |
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Prophase
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chromosomes become visible - shorter and thicker.
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Sister chromatid
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each identical copy of a single chromosome
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_____ ______ form as microtubules grow out of centrioles that move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Spindle fibers
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During metaphase,_____________ line up across the equator of the cell.
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chromosomes
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Microtubules of the spindle fibers attach to each _______ ________.
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sister chromatid
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What's the correct order of the phases of the cell cycle?
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G1-S-G2-M
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DNA replication occurs during mitosis? T/F
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False
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Mitosis and cytoplasmic division result in the formation of ____ genetically identical cells.
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2
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Translation is the synthesis of _______ from _____.
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proteins, mRNA
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The first amino acid enters at the ____ site.
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P
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mRNA binds to the ________ to begin translation.
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ribosome
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Subsequent _______ bind to ribosome at the A site.
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tRNAs
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Translation is terminated when a _____ _______ is presented at the A site.
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stop codon
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Complementary matching of the codons and the anticodons ensures correct amino acid ___________.
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sequence
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During translation, mRNA travels along the ribosome ___ at a time.
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3 nucleotides
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What happens when mRNA encounters a stop codon during translation?
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ribosomal complex falls apart and the protein is released into the cell
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2 people who won Nobel prize for discovering DNA molecule.
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1. Watson
2. Crick |
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The DNA molecule has a ________ shape.
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helical
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What do microRNAs do?
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control gene expression in cells
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How many micro RNAs have been estimated to be in the human genome?
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250-300
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What type of drug acts as a microRNA silencer?
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antagomir
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