Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a membrane potential?
|
Charge separation across the cell membrane
|
|
|
How is a cell able to do work?
|
By a charge separation
|
|
|
What cells are excitable?
|
Muscle and Nerve
|
|
|
What do cells transmit when they are excited?
|
Electrical signals
|
|
|
When these cells are not excited they are at _______ and have a _______
|
Rest
Resting Membrane potential |
|
|
What are the three driving forces?
|
Chemical
Electrical Electrochemical |
|
|
K+ will move _____ of a cell while Na+ will move _____
|
Out
In |
|
|
What establishes and maintains the electrochemical gradients for Na+ and K+?
|
Leak channels and Na/K pumps
|
|
|
What is an Equilibrium Potential?
|
Theoretical voltage produced across the membrane if only 1 ion could diffuse across the cell membrane
|
|
|
What is the equilibrium potential for K+?
|
-94 mV
|
|
|
What is the equilbrium for Na+?
|
60 mV
|
|
|
As membrane potential gets closer to equilibrium potential for a particular ion, the driving force is ____
|
Weaker
|
|
|
What is the resting membrane potential?
|
-70 mV
|
|
|
What are the two types of channels?
|
Leak and gated
|
|
|
What are the structures of the neuron?
|
Dendrites, cell body, axon, collaterals, axon hillock, axon terminal
|
|
|
Electrical signals occur in what order?
|
Graded potential
Threshold reached Action Potential |
|
|
Action potentials are known as what?
|
All or none responses
|
|
|
What are the five types of graded potentials?
|
postsynaptic potentials
receptor potentials end plate potentials pacemaker potentials slow-wave potentials |
|
|
Action potentials occur is what three phases?
|
depolarization
repolarization after-hyperpoloarization |
|
|
What are the functional classifications of neurons?
|
Efferent Neurons
Afferent Neurons Interneurons |
|
|
What are the two types of refractory periods?
|
Absolute
Relative |
|
|
What voltage gated channels play in role in the action potential phases?
|
K+ voltage gated channels
Na Inactivation and activation gates |
|
|
What is the importance of Na/K pumps?
|
Important in returning membrane back to its resting membrane potential.
|
|
|
Innervate means?
|
Stimulation through a nerve
|
|
|
The nervous system is divided into what two parts?
|
CNS
PNS |
|
|
The CNS part consists of what?
|
Brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
The PNS includes what?
|
Cranial and spinal nerves
|
|
|
The PNS provides communication between....
|
CNS and organs
|
|
|
What are the support cells of the CNS?
|
Oligodendrocytes
|
|
|
What are the support cells of the PNS?
|
Schwann cells
|
|
|
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
|
Neurons
|
|
|
The PNS is divided into what two parts?
|
Afferent (to)
Efferent (away) |
|
|
Afferent sends information to the
|
CNS
|
|
|
Efferent sends information to the
|
Effector organs
|
|
|
The effector organs are
|
Muscles and glands
|
|
|
The efferent part of the PNS is divided into what two branches
|
Somatic (voluntary control)
Autonomic (involuntary control) |
|
|
The somatic consists of motor neurons which regulate
|
skeletal muscles
|
|
|
The autonomic consists of neurons which regulate
|
internal organs to maintain homeostasis
|
|
|
The autonomic branch consists of what two parts?
|
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
|
|
|
Sympathetic is a ______ response?
|
fight/flight
|
|
|
Organs innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic are said to be
|
Dually innervated
|
|
|
The neuron consists of what four zones?
|
Input
Trigger Conducting Output |
|
|
In the trigger zone....
|
Action potentials are initiated
Graded potentials are generated |
|
|
In the output zone...
|
A neurotransmitter is released
|
|
|
In the input zone...
|
Signals from other neurons are received
Form synapsis |
|
|
What are the four types of channels?
|
Voltage gated
Chemically (ligand)gated Mechanically gated Thermally gated |
|
|
What are the five types of glial cells?
|
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells Microglia Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells |
