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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What makes up a phospholipid molecule? |
Choline, Phosphate, Glycerol and 2 fatty acids |
CPGFA |
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What can double bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain of phospholipid molecules cause? |
Bends in the chain. Makes lipid more fluid as it's harder to associate with other chains |
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How are saturated lipids different to unsaturated lipids? |
Less fluid and more rigid like lard as fatty acid chains can associate more closely so form a more structured product |
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What is a glycolipid? |
A phospholipid molecule where the sugar (carbohydrate) is located on the outside of the leaflet (glucocalex) |
Sugar |
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What is a phosphatidylinositol? |
Used in cell signalling and located on the inner leaflet |
PKC |
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What is PKC? |
Protein Kinase C - signalling molecule which associates with serine on phosphatidylserine on the inner leaflet |
Serine |
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What is an alpha helix membrane protein? |
Proteins on the inner leaflet of the phospholipid bilayer which allows transportation of proteins across membranes |
Half |
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What are beta barrel membrane proteins on the phospholipid bilayer? |
Forms a pore in the membrane which allows things to cross |
Transport |
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In cell to cell adhesion what is a tight junction? |
Seals neighbouring cells together with an epithelial sheet of claudin so no molecule leakage |
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Give an example of a tight junction |
Blood brain barrier stops interstitial fluid mixing with blood so molecules can only be transported by diffusion between the two |
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In cell to cell adhesion what is an adherens junction? |
Joins actin bundles together from different cells |
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Give an example of an adherens junction |
Muscles so they behave as one tissue |
Weird flex |
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In cell to cell adhesion what is a desmosome? |
Joins the intermediate filaments between two cells together |
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Give an example of a desmosome |
Heart muscle |
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In cell to cell adhesion what is a gap junction? |
Allows the passage of small water soluble ions and molecules |
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Give an example of a gap junction |
Pacemaker cells in the heart that are electrically coupled |
Keep the pace |
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In cell to cell adhesion what is a hemidesmosome? |
Anchors the intermediate filament of a cell to the basal lamina |
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What are the two classes of membrane transport proteins? |
Channel and carrier |
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What are the three types of carrier protein? |
Uniport - one molecule in Symport - two molecules in Antiport - one molecule in and one molecule out |
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Give an example of an antiport carrier protein? |
Sodium and potassium pump Sodium is transported out the cell and potassium is transported in (antiport and uses ATP) |
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Give an example of a symport carrier protein |
Glucose transport driven by the sodium potassium pump. Sodium and glucose are transported into the cell |
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What are the three types of ion selective channels? |
Voltage gated - nerve propagation Ligand gated (extracellular or intracellular ligand) - molecule binds to channel either inside or outside of the cell causing it to open Mechanically gated - baroreceptors which open ion channels when the artery stretches |
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What is the diffusion potential? |
The difference in charge between one side of the membrane and the other due to an influx of ions. Will eventually create an equilibrium |
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How can the equilibrium potential be calculated? |
Nernst Equation |
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What are the functions of the nervous system? |
Coordination of different physiological systems and enables rapid response to internal and external stimuli |
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What is an oligodendrocytes? |
Forms the myelin sheath |
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What is an astroglia? |
Forms the blood brain barrier and prevents change in cerebrospinal fluid |
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What's a microglia in the nervous system? |
Protects against infection |
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What is the function of ependymal cells in the nervous system? |
Line all fluid filled spaces in the CNS |
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Describe a nerve cell |
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What are the three neurone classes? |
Afferent, efferent and interneurons |
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What is the function of afferent (sensory) neurones? |
To transmit info to the CNS and has sensory receptors at the peripheral end |
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What is the function of efferent (motor) neurones in the nervous system? |
Transmit information from the CNS to the effector organs (muscle or glands) or other neurones |
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What's the function of interneurons in the nervous system? |
Transmit information from neurone to neurone. Only found in the CNS and can be excitatory or inhibitory |
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What is the CNS made up of? |
Brain and spinal cord |
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In the CNS what is grey and white matter made up of? |
Grey matter - interneurons, cell bodies, cell bodies and dendrites of efferent neurones, synapses and glia White matter - axons |
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What is the major function of the blood brain barrier? |
Stops the mixing of blood in the brain with extracellular fluid of the CNS. Semi permeable to allow the selective transport of molecules into the nervous system but acts as a major obstacle for drug delivery |
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What is the choroid plexus in the nervous system? |
Produces cerebrospinal fluid which circulates providing physical support and nourishment - it is surrounded by a layer of ependymal cells |
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What is the choroid plexus in the nervous system? |
Produces cerebrospinal fluid which circulates providing physical support and nourishment - it is surrounded by a layer of ependymal cells |
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How is the peripheral nervous system divided up? |
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What so the main function of the enteric nervous system? |
Innervates gut muscles and mucosal cells and helps peristalsis - wave like muscle contracts to push food down the digestive tract |
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Where are the spinal nerves located? |
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral Caitlin's Thinks Limes are Sour |
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What is the first cranial nerve? |
Olfactory - nose |
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What is the second cranial nerve? |
Optic - eyes |
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What is the third cranial nerve? |
Oculomotor - eye muscles |
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What is the fourth cranial nerve? |
Trochlear - superior oblique muscles |
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What is the fifth cranial nerve? |
Trigeminal - face, sinuses, teeth |
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What is the sixth cranial nerve? |
Abducens - external rectus muscle |
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What is the seventh cranial nerve? |
Facial - muscles of the face |
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What is the eighth cranial nerve? |
Vestibulicochlear - inner ear |
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What is the ninth cranial nerve? |
Glossopharyngeal - tonsil, pharynx and under tongue |
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What is the tenth cranial nerve? |
Vagus - heart, lungs, bronchi and GI tract |
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What is the eleventh cranial nerve? |
Accessory - sternocleidomastoid (neck) muscle |
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What is the twelfth cranial nerve? |
Hypoglossal - tongue |
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What is the acronym for remembering the facial nerves? |
On occasion Oliver tried to finger various guys vaginas are history |
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