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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts |
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Gross anatomy |
Large structures that are easily observable |
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Microscopic anatomy |
Structures cannot be seen with the naked eye (can be viewed only with a microscope) |
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Physiology |
Study of how the body and its parts work or function |
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Two relationships between anatomy and physiology |
1. Structure determines what functions can occur 2. If structure changes, the function also changes |
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What are the six levels of structural organization? |
Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms |
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What are the 11 organ systems? |
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic/immune Urinary Reproductive |
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Four characteristics of the integumentary system |
1. Forms the external body covering 2. Protects deeper tissue from injury 3. Helps regulate body temperature 4. Location of cutaneous nerve receptors |
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Five characteristics of the skeletal system |
1. Consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints 2. Supports the body 3. Provides muscle attachment for movement 4. Site of hematopoiesis 5. Stores minerals |
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Two characteristics of muscular system |
1. Skeletal muscles contract or shorten 2. Produces movement of bones |
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Four characteristics of the digestive system |
1. Includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and accessory organs 2. Breaks down food 3. Allows for nutrient absorption into blood 4. Eliminates indigestible material as feces |
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Three characteristics of the respiratory system |
1. Includes the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs 2. Supplies blood with oxygen 3. Removes carbon dioxide |
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Five characteristics of the nervous system |
1. Fast- acting control system 2. Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors 3. Responds to internal and external change 4. Sends messages via nerve impulses to central nervous system 5. Central nervous system activates effectors (muscles and glands) |
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The endocrine system includes what 7 glands? |
Pituitary gland Thyroid and parathyroid Adrenal glands Thymus Pancreas Ovaries (females) and testes (males) |
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The endocrine system secretes regulatory hormones. What three things are these regulatory hormones used for? |
Growth Reproduction Metabolism |
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Two characteristics of the cardiovascular system |
1. Includes heart and blood vessels 2. Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart |
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Five characteristics of the lymphatic system |
1. Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs 2. Fluid leaks from blood vessels to bathe cells within tissues 3. Extracellular fluid (lymph) is returned to the blood 4. Cleanses blood and lymph 5. Involved in immunity to pathogens |
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Four characteristics of the urinary system |
1. Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra 2. Eliminates the nitrogenous wastes 3. Maintains acid-base relations 4. Regulates water and electrolytes |
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What are the components of the reproductive system? |
1. For males, includesthe testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and duct system 2. For females, includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vaginal |
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What are the 6 neccessary life functions? |
1. Maintain boundaries 2. Movement 3. Responsiveness 4. Digestion 5. Grown and mature 6. Reproduce 7. Metabolism 8. Excretion |
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What are the five survival needs? |
Nutrients Oxygen Water Stable body temperature Atmospheric pressure |
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What is homeostasis? |
Maintenance of a stable internal environment. It is a dynamic state of equilibrium, and is necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life |
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Homeostasis is maintained by a three component system. What are the components? |
Receptor Control center Effector |
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What does the receptor do? |
It responds to changes in the environment (stimuli) It sends information to control center along an afferent pathway |
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What does there control center do? |
It determines the set point It analyzes information It determines appropriate response |
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What does the effector do? |
It provides a means for response to a stimulus Information flows from control center to effector along efferent pathway |
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What is a negative feedback? |
Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity |
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What is positive feedback? |
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable further |
