Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Prehensile
|
Grasping
|
|
|
Opposable digit (hallux)
|
Thumbs or toes that grasp
|
|
|
Omnivorous
|
Having a diet consisting of many food types, such as plant materials, meat, and insects.
|
|
|
Olfaction
|
The sense of smell
|
|
|
Nocturnal
|
Active at night
|
|
|
Stereoscopic vision
|
Images are superimposed, allowing depth perception
|
|
|
Binocular vision
|
Overlapping visual fields provided by forward facing eyes
|
|
|
Neocortex
|
most recently evolved portions of the cortex, higher mental functions, integrate information from various senses
|
|
|
Arboreal
|
Lives in trees
|
|
|
Dental Formula
|
numerical device indicating number of the 4 types of teeth
|
|
|
Diurnal
|
Active in daylight
|
|
|
Quadrapedal
|
Locomotion using all 4 limbs
|
|
|
Brachiation
|
Locomotion by arm-swinging used by some arboreal primates
|
|
|
Rhinarium
|
Moist, hairless pad at end of nose neen in most mammalian species. Enhances ability to smell
|
|
|
Anthropoids
|
Includes monkeys, apes, and humans
|
|
|
Prosimians
|
Lemurs, bushbabies, tarsiers
|
|
|
Catarrhines
|
Old world monkeys, apes, humans
|
|
|
Platyhrrines
|
New world monkeys
|
|
|
Hominoids
|
Superfamily, Apes and humans
|
|
|
Strepsirhines
|
Lemurs and Lorises
|
|
|
Haplorhines
|
suborder incl. tarsiers monkeys apes and human
|
|
|
Braincase morphology
|
dur
|
|
|
Postorbital Bar
|
Behind the eyes
|
|
|
Haplorhines
|
suborder incl. tarsiers monkeys apes and human
|
|
|
Braincase morphology
|
dur
|
|
|
Behavioral ecology
|
evolution of behavior, emphasizing ecological factors as agents of natural selection.
|
|
|
Postorbital Bar
|
Behind the eyes
|
|
|
Philopatric
|
Remaining in ones natal group or home range as an adult. Most species members of one sex disperse from their natal group as young adults, usually males in nonhuman primates
|
|
|
Behavioral ecology
|
evolution of behavior, emphasizing ecological factors as agents of natural selection.
|
|
|
Haplorhines
|
suborder incl. tarsiers monkeys apes and human
|
|
|
Haplorhines
|
suborder incl. tarsiers monkeys apes and human
|
|
|
Life history traits
|
charactaristics and developmental stages that influence rates of reproduction. Longevity, time till sexual maturity, length of time between births
|
|
|
Braincase morphology
|
dur
|
|
|
Philopatric
|
Remaining in ones natal group or home range as an adult. Most species members of one sex disperse from their natal group as young adults, usually males in nonhuman primates
|
|
|
Braincase morphology
|
dur
|
|
|
Strategies
|
Behaviors that have been favored by nat. sel.
|
|
|
Life history traits
|
charactaristics and developmental stages that influence rates of reproduction. Longevity, time till sexual maturity, length of time between births
|
|
|
Postorbital Bar
|
Behind the eyes
|
|
|
Postorbital Bar
|
Behind the eyes
|
|
|
Sympatric
|
Living in the same area, pertaining to two or more species whose habitats overlap
|
|
|
Behavioral ecology
|
evolution of behavior, emphasizing ecological factors as agents of natural selection.
|
|
|
Behavioral ecology
|
evolution of behavior, emphasizing ecological factors as agents of natural selection.
|
|
|
Strategies
|
Behaviors that have been favored by nat. sel.
|
|
|
Conspecifics
|
members of the same species
|
|
|
Philopatric
|
Remaining in ones natal group or home range as an adult. Most species members of one sex disperse from their natal group as young adults, usually males in nonhuman primates
|
|
|
Philopatric
|
Remaining in ones natal group or home range as an adult. Most species members of one sex disperse from their natal group as young adults, usually males in nonhuman primates
|
|
|
Sympatric
|
Living in the same area, pertaining to two or more species whose habitats overlap
|
|
|
Dominance Hierarchies
|
systems of social organizations in which individuals are ranked relative to one another.
|
|
|
Life history traits
|
charactaristics and developmental stages that influence rates of reproduction. Longevity, time till sexual maturity, length of time between births
|
|
|
Life history traits
|
charactaristics and developmental stages that influence rates of reproduction. Longevity, time till sexual maturity, length of time between births
|
|
|
Conspecifics
|
members of the same species
|
|
|
Strategies
|
Behaviors that have been favored by nat. sel.
|
|
|
Strategies
|
Behaviors that have been favored by nat. sel.
|
|
|
Dominance Hierarchies
|
systems of social organizations in which individuals are ranked relative to one another.
|
|
|
Sympatric
|
Living in the same area, pertaining to two or more species whose habitats overlap
|
|
|
Sympatric
|
Living in the same area, pertaining to two or more species whose habitats overlap
|
|
|
Conspecifics
|
members of the same species
|
|
|
Conspecifics
|
members of the same species
|
|
|
Dominance Hierarchies
|
systems of social organizations in which individuals are ranked relative to one another.
|
|
|
Dominance Hierarchies
|
systems of social organizations in which individuals are ranked relative to one another.
|
|
|
Communication
|
an act that conveys information
|
|
|
Autonomic
|
physiological responses that are not under voluntary control. ex. blushing, raised body hair
|
|
|
Displays
|
repetitious behaviors communicating emotional status, frequently associated with mating or agonistic behavior.
|
|
|
Grooming
|
Social bonding strategy designed for increased social cohesion and for practical health.
|
|
|
Reproductive Strategies
|
Behavioral patterns that contributes to individual reproductive success, not necessarily deliberate or uniform across gender
|
|
|
Sexual selection
|
Indiviuals of one sex choose mating partners based on criteria pertaining to fitness, leading to sexual dimorphism
|
|
|
K-selected
|
Few offspring, more care
|
|
|
R-selected
|
Large numbers of offspring, reduced parental care
|
|
|
Alloparenting
|
Parenting by an individual other than the child's parent.
|
|
|
Social Structure
|
The social structure
|
|
|
Affiliative
|
Pertaining to amicable associations between individuals, such as grooming
|
|
|
One male-multi female
|
Gorillas
|
|
|
Multimale-multifemale
|
Bonobos, Chimps
|
|
|
monogamous
|
Humans
|
|
|
Polyandry
|
one female, multi-male, only seen in marmosets and tamarins
|
|
|
Solitary
|
nocturnal prosimians
|
|
|
Encephalization
|
proportional size of the brain relative to another measure
|
|
|
Allometry
|
Scaling; the differential proportion among various anatomical structures
|
|
|
Social brain hypothesis
|
Brains increase in size because demands of social living are high
|
|
|
Meat eating hypothesis
|
high nutrient diet allows for large brains, but not seen in non-primate carnivores (lions wolves)
|
|
|
Language
|
use of arbitrary communication to convey specific information
|
|
|
Broca's Area
|
part of the motor responsible for motor control of mouth, lips, tongue
|
|
|
Wernicke's Area
|
interprates sounds
|
|
|
Anthropocentrism
|
Studying other species from their differences and similarities to humans
|
|
|
NHP culture
|
huh?
|
|
|
Altruism
|
behavior benefitting another individual at risk of the actor
|
|
|
Kin selection
|
it is favorable for individuals related, but not the parent of, another to be altruistic, because ssome measure of their genes will pass
|
|
|
group selection
|
individuals will be altruistic to the group because its in the individuals interest for the group to survive
|
|
|
Reciprocal altruism
|
self explanatory
|
|
|
Foramen magnum
|
hole at base of skull allowing the spinal chord to connect to the brain
|
|
|
Sagittal crest
|
A feature on the skull allowing larger temporal jaw muscles to attach. Sexually dimorphic at times
|
|
|
Nuchal crest
|
A feature on quadrapedal animals at back of skull allowing larger neck muscles to attach
|
|
|
Y-5
|
5 point general ape molar
|
|
|
Bilophodont
|
Old world monkey molar tooth, 4 points
|
|
|
Prognathism
|
the protrusion of the lower face
|
|
|
Supraorbital torus (browridge)
|
dur
|
|
|
Plesiadapiforms
|
extinct early primates from 65-52 mya
|
|
|
Plesiadapids
|
a species of plesiadapiforms
|
|
|
Carpolestids
|
"fruit stealer' another early primate. small rat-sized North American and Asian
|
|
|
Euprimates
|
55-32 mya, more primate-like derived characteristics
|
|
|
Adapoidea
|
Lemur like Euprimates
|
|
|
Omomyoide
|
Tarsier like Euprimates
|
|
|
Ischial callosities
|
A callous on the bottom for sitting. Old world monkies
|
|
|
Artifacts
|
stuff modified or used by humans
|
|
|
Taphonomy
|
study of tombs, how bones and materials came be underground and fossilized
|
