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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dietary EPA and DHA have positive effects on the body such as
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reduced arrhythmia
reduced atherosclerosis decreased platelet aggregation decreased plasma TAG slight increased HDL decreased proinflammatory eicosanoids |
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Types of Eicosanoids
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Prostaglandins
Thromoxanes Leukotrienes |
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describe cyclic eicosanoid pathway starting with arachidonic acid
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AA --> prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase
forms cyclic PGG2 by removing 2 db form PGH2 by take off endoperoxide, form hydroxyl group this can go to other PROSTAGLANDINS (PGD2, PGE2, PGF 2 alpha, PGI 2) and THROMBOXANE A2 **number denotes number of db left |
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describe linear eicosanoid pathway starting with arachidonic acid
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AA --> Lipoxygenase
formeHPETE (keep 4 db) cyclize O group to form Leukotriene A2 (can go to LTB4) add glutathione to LTA2 form LTC4 **number denotes number of db left |
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Prostaglandin:
where it's synthesized what it does |
endothelium of cells
vascular smooth muscle contraction or relaxation |
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Prostacyclins:
where it's synthesized what it does |
Vascular endothelial cells
Inhibits platelet aggregation |
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Thromboxanes:
Where it's synthesized what it does |
Platelets
Translocates Ca+, promotes platelet aggregation, vascular and bronchial constriction |
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Leucotriens:
where it's synthesized what it does |
Leukocytes
vascular constriction and permeability, local inflammatory response |
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Process of enzyme, hormone, and Ca release/activation via Phosphatidylinositol
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Phosphatidylinositol is phosphoralated by 2 ATP in PM
(Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate) Hydrolyzed DAG + PIP3 DAG activates PKC for other enzymes PIP3 targets Ca channel for Ca release --> other hormones and enzymes |
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Where is DHA found mostly
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Brain, retina
60% of PL FA |
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types of DHA
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Docosanoids
Neuroprotectin D1 |
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DHA formula
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22:6
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What DHA does within a cell
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Once free (from esterified 22:6 to free form via PLA2)
it blocks formation of Amyloids in brain can go towards an oxidative stress signaling compound - neuroprostane - which is indicitive of oxidative stress, increased neuronal dysfunction and increased apoptosis can go toards anti apoptotic proteins can act on beta APP with alpha secretase to decrease amyloid Beta plaque formation and therefore increase neurotrophism, neuroprotection, neuronal survival |
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How EPA is formed
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alpha linoleic acid (18:3 n3)
desaturation (18:4) stearidonic acid elongation (20:4 n3) desaturation (20:5 n3) EPA |
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How DHA is formed
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alpha linoleic acid (18:3 n3)
desaturation (18:4) stearidonic acid elongation (20:4 n3) desaturation (20:5 n3) EPA from EPA elongation 22:5 n3 elongation 24:5 n3 desaturation 24:6 n3 peroxisomal B oxidation 22:6 n3 (can retroconvert back to EPA |
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What types of formations EPA goes towards
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3 series PG and Thromboxanes
(from cyclic cycle so 2 db taken out) 5 series leukotrienes (From linear cycle, no db taken out) E series resolvins EEQ, HEPE overall: decrease inflammation, decrease aggregation increase vasodialation |
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What types of formations DHA goes towards
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D series resolvins
docosotrienes neuroprotectins EDP, HDoHE overall: decrease inflammation, decrease aggregation increase vasodialation |
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Role of PUFA in DHA/EPA and body
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PUFA influences membrane fluidity
substrate for eicosanoids, Docosanoids (alpha linoleic 18:3 n3) Phosphtidylinositol --> DAG/IP3 binds TF for gene influence |
