Human Implantation And Infertility

Front 1

human implantation is very __and different from other lower animals

Back 1

specfic

Front 2

implantation : blastocyst comes into physical/physiological contact with____(2words)
involves interaction between ___prepared endometrum and blastocyst
the phases involve (3) of the endometrium
succces of it depends on

Back 2

uterine endometrium
hormonally
apposition,adhesion,invasion/penetration
interaction between embryo and endometrium

Front 3

infertility:
both __&___concerns/causes
successful implantation/post natal development affected by developmental;/environmental events T or F
give examples (3)

Back 3

maternal and paternal
*focus on events after fertilization
T
chromosomal anomalies due to defective meiosis, ageing and environmental effects on gametogenesis; uterine developmental anomalies and infections

Front 4

with increased aging chromosomal anomalies ____

Back 4

increase

Front 5

-____major cause of infertility
-inadequate ____(2words) is responsible for
approximately two-thirds of implantation failures,
whereas the _____ itself is responsible for about
one-third of these failures.

Back 5

implantation failure
uterine receptivity
embryo

Front 6

when forming blastocyst/for pre implantation embryo to develop the embryonic ____must be activated
when this happens (2)

Back 6

genome
blastocyst forms&genomic imprinting ensures theres shared maternal/paternal contribution for implantation and development

Front 7

in human preimplant:
at fertilization, zygote formed has maternal and paternal, cytoplasm has___mRNA-->important for first few divisions

Back 7

maternal **dont need paternal inout in first few divisions

Front 8

there are differences between mice and human:
-human embryos first wave of zygotic/embryonic genomic activation at__days in mice its____
-______ is more common in humans because of meiotic defects and accounts for cell death during preimplantation and implantation
-pre-implantation embryonic death, is common to many mammals and is considered
-cell death also more common in____because genome activated during rapid lineage diff at implant

Back 8

3, 1
Aneuploidy (chromosomal abnormalities)
selection process for survival of genetically superior embryos for implant
humans
**more aneuploidy more cell death/loss of implant

Front 9

blastocyst forms 3 initial cell lineages
outer trophectoderm->
pluripotent ICM-->
primitive endoderm-->

Back 9

-interacts with uterine endometrium promoting adhesion/invasion
-produces all cell lineages of embryo
-inductive role in later development of embryo

Front 10

pre implantation__days independent from
implantation__days dependant on
post implantation__days dependant on

Back 10

1-6, development of embryo
6-10, maternal blood functions
10days till birth,maternal blood functions

Front 11

phases of preimplant development
at midcycle we have ovulation occuring, secondary oocyte passed out into outer 3rd fallopian tube
spermatozoa pass thru tube and fertlize
zygote thick membrane with zona pellucida aorund it
embryo passed along tube (smooth muscles contractile allow movement, lining epithelium have many beating cilia also inside tube) and into body of uterus
cell division occurs along tube
**preimplant developme time wise take 6days to reach uterus during that time theres prolif of zygote
ie cleavage
morula compacted(early diff)blastocyst forming and have outer troph and icm,
ZP: firm strucutre, as cell divides its resticed in short space this important for dist diff epigentic control of cells
as passing thru not connected to mother blood dpeends on cytoplasm of original occyte
**when cell divides its engaging all genome, so if have chromosomal anomalies , structures dgeerate during implantation ,
*

Back 11

..

Front 12

why do in vitro fertilization has low rate of implant ie only 25% implant

Back 12

-preimplantation is screening process in which all genetic anomalies removed
-mechanism to move zygote involves cilia (genetically controlled) and smooth muscle CT--> if pelvic infections this tube scarred--> failure to contract

Front 13

most preimplant occurs in the____
the___ensures early independant development
(2) help move the zygote

Back 13

fallopian tube
zona pellucida
cilia, muscular contractions

Front 14

blastocyst coming in and implanting, interact with endometrium. interaction very important for implant
-midcycle (glandular receptive stage) endometrium: goes thru cycle dependant on____

Back 14

hormones

Front 15

progestational phase=

Back 15

secretory phase

Front 16

uterine vessels in the___
spiral artery in___layer
straight artery in__layer

Back 16

myometrium
functional (lost during menstruation, hormonally sensitive)
basal

Front 17

basal layer maintains the (2)
and is it affected by hormonal changes

Back 17

regenerating source of epithelium/sprial BV's of functional layer

Front 18

-endometrial developmental phases (3)

Back 18

proliferation
differentiation (form glandular receptor endometrium)
angiogenesis (formation blood vessels)
*ie see whole reorganization every month very similar to embryogenesis
**look at slide 17

Front 19

define window of implantation

Back 19

-regressing ZP allows hatching of blastocyst
-mucin 1 coat of endometrium REPELS blastocyst
-blastocyst ROLLS (L selectin guides it, trophoblasts expresses it and ligand on endo)
-body of uterus=favourable region for implant

Front 20

window of implantation:
days _____of regular menstrual cycle
uterodomes
window characterized by(2)

Back 20

20-24
cytoplasmic extensions at landing platforms
increase uterodomes & b3 integrin

Front 21

why uterodomes preferred sites for interactions (2)

Back 21

seperation from inhibitory mucin 1
gradient conc of cytokines/special receptors/lots of surface

Front 22

LIF mutant mice (-/-) fail to
defective LIF in humans have defective

Back 22

implant
implant which is cause of infertility in these women

Front 23

LIF binds to

Back 23

LIFR which binds gp130
activates many signalling paths

Front 24

integrin A5B3 good marker for endo receptivity and conc on

Back 24

uterodomes

Front 25

HoxA10

Back 25

transcritpional regulator in endometrium
binds 5' regulatory part of B3 gene downstream
*uterodome and B3 expression directly regulated by it

Front 26

chemokines ___during implantation
receptors on___
function?

Back 26

increase
trophoblasts
directional trophoblast movement

Front 27

implantation process

Back 27

-trophoblast form cytotrophoblast (single inner prolif layer) and syncytiotrophoblast (outer multinucleated layer)
-ICM forms epiblast (form amnion/amniotic cavity) & hypoblast

Front 28

decidual reaction

Back 28

-dilated BV/glands surround mesenchymal stromal cells
-stromal surround spiral BV's
-implant stimulates prolif/diff stromal --> decidual cells
-estrogen alpha receptors of precursor cells regulate expression of Cx43 gap junctions among decidual cells--> communication/spreading of decidual process throughout endometrium around implanted blastocyst

Front 29

decidual cells needed for___to sustain blastocyst
make GF's such as

Back 29

angiogenesis
VEGF-->stimulate angiogenic sprouting of leaky spiral arteries

Front 30

ER alpha downstream events needed for___formation
___needed for decidulization process

Back 30

cx43 gap junction
cx 43

Front 31

read slide in decidual cell functions

Back 31

..

Front 32

utero placental circulation:
is a ___placental circulation
____ form as trophoblastic projections invade stroma, these fill with (4) called the____-->circulates (maternal circ pulsates) over embryo

Back 32

temporary
lacunae
maternal blood, lipids/glycogen from eroded decidual cells, gland secretions
embrytroph

Front 33

pregnant state established as syncytiotrophoblasts secrete

Back 33

hCG into maternal blood
*stimulates progest by corpus luteum
*makes sure secretory phase of endometrium maintained

Front 34

progesterone from CL is clinically important because

Back 34

essential to maintain pregnancy until 8th week when placenta takes over

Front 35

can detect hCG in maternal blood by day__
or in urine by day____by using radioimmunoassays w/ antibodies against

Back 35

8
10
beta subunit of hCG

Front 36

RU-486 (Mifepristone) initiates ____ when taken within 8-10 weeks of the start of the last menstruation cycle.
RU-486 is a _____-receptor antagonist (blocker)
used with______and is 96% effective at terminating pregnancy

Back 36

menstruation
progesterone
prostaglandin E

Front 37

yellow color of CL due to
also besides progest it secretes little bit of

Back 37

conc. carotenoids
estrogen -->inhibits GnRH-->reduces LH/FSH