Human Health - Coordination And Movement

Front 1

Receptors

Back 1

Detects changes in the environment.

Front 2

Skeletal System

Back 2

Gives shape to the body, gives support by allowing us to stand upright, supports and protects softer organs. However, it can cause sprains (dislocating of bones), fractures (damage to bones) and strains (damage to muscle).

Front 3

Cartilage

Back 3

Covers the end of bones, is smooth to reduce friction and acts as a shock absorber.

Front 4

Homeostasis

Back 4

Means to maintain a constant internal environment. We need to keep the correct levels of water, temperature, oxygen, blood glucose and carbon dioxide.

Front 5

Reflex

Back 5

Rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, you have no control over it.

Front 6

Long Sighted

Back 6

Light is focused behind the retina, so you cannot see objects close up. To solve: Use a convex diverging lens.

Front 7

Short Sighted

Back 7

Light from a distant object is not focused on the retina, but in front of it, so you cannot see objects far away. To solve: Use a concave diverging lens so light is now focused on the retina.

Front 8

Type 1 Diabetes

Back 8

Sufferers must inject themselves with insulin before a meal because their pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

Front 9

Type 2 Diabetes

Back 9

These people produce enough insulin, but the liver and muscle cells become resistant to it, therefore liver and muscle cells do not turn glucose into glycogen.

Front 10

Antagonistic Pairs

Back 10

Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. Biceps and triceps work in pairs because they work in opposites.

Front 11

Stimulus

Back 11

Sets off a reflex, e.g. a hot plate.

Front 12

Physiotherapists

Back 12

Access and treat people whose movement is restricted. They use exercise, massage and ultrasound to treat injuries.

Front 13

Ligaments

Back 13

Strong bands of connective tissue which hold bones together, they are slightly elastic to allow movement.

Front 14

Chiropractors and Osteopaths

Back 14

Use their hands to manipulate joints and muscle to treat backache, neck pains and other injuries.

Front 15

Effector

Back 15

Muscle or gland which will act in response to the stimulus.

Front 16

Cornea

Back 16

This is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil and anterior chamber.

Front 17

Lens

Back 17

This affects the focusing of a light beam through refraction.

Front 18

Ciliary Muscles

Back 18

Is a muscle which helps your eye focus. With assistance from the ciliary muscles, the lens of an eye can be flattened or rounded to allow people to focus on nearby or distance objects.

Front 19

Iris

Back 19

Is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina.

Front 20

Pupil

Back 20

A hole located in the centre of the iris which allows light to strike the retina.

Front 21

Retina

Back 21

This is a light-sensitive layer of tissue. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina.

Front 22

Optic Nerve

Back 22

This is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Front 23

Growth Hormone

Back 23

Stimulates growth and cell reproduction.

Front 24

Hormones

Back 24

These are chemicals messengers released by ductless glands into the blood which may affect a target organ, or in some cases, the whole body.

Front 25

Thyroxin

Back 25

Controls metabolic rate.

Front 26

Glucagon

Back 26

Causes the liver to change glycogen to glucose when blood sugar levels are low.

Front 27

Insulin

Back 27

Causes the liver to absorb glucose and convert it into glycogen when blood sugar levels are high.

Front 28

Adrenaline

Back 28

Increases blood sugar, heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure at times of stress.

Front 29

Oestrogen

Back 29

Controls female sexual development.

Front 30

Testosterone

Back 30

Controls development of male sexual characteristics.

Front 31

Blood Sugar Levels Increase

Back 31

Eat food --> Blood sugar level increases --> Pancreas releases insulin --> Insulin goes into blood stream --> Insulin causes liver and muscle cells to absorb excess glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen --> Blood glucose level returns to normal.

Front 32

Blood Sugar Levels Decrease

Back 32

Done exercise and haven't eaten --> Blood sugar levels decreases --> Pancreas releases glucagon --> Glucagon goes into blood stream --> Glucagon causes glycogen to be stored in liver and muscles to break down into glucose --> Glucose is released into the blood --> Blood sugar level returns to normal.

Front 33

Osmoregulation

Back 33

Hypothalamus detects a low level of water --> Signal to pituitary gland, which releases ADH into the blood --> ADH goes to kidneys --> ADH causes kidneys to reabsorb water back into the blood stream --> Have a drink --> Changes to a high level of water --> ADH stops being released and excess water goes from kidney to the bladder.