Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
361 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the Chain of Infection?
|
Pathogen --> Vector --> Host
|
|
The 5 Pathogens
|
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms
|
|
What is a Vector
|
a vehical that transmitts a pathogen
|
|
The 5 main vectors
|
animal/bug bites, air, fluids, people (hands), food, water
|
|
What 3 things does a host's body have under optimal conditions.
|
warm, moist, pH
|
|
The 6 step process of infection.
|
Invasion, incubation, cell death, chemical and histamin release, immune response, recovery
|
|
Define: Immunity
|
Protection against infectious diseases
|
|
5 barries that are used for immunity
|
Skin, sweat, oils, saliva, digestive chemicals
|
|
5 parts of the immune systems
|
lymph system, white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes/vessels
|
|
What are the 2 types of white blood cells
|
B & T Cells
|
|
What is the function of the Thymus
|
to identify invaders
|
|
What are the invaders (pathogens) of the body's system called.
|
Antigens
|
|
What is the function of the Spleen.
|
Produce antibodies
|
|
What do the lymph nodes/vessels carry
|
Lymph Fluid
|
|
What cause the swelling of the arm in former cancer patients.
|
A build of of lymph fluid that can't be removed from the arm because the lymph nodes were damaged in surgery.
|
|
What is the funtion of Humoral immunity?
|
produces antibodies against specific antigens.
|
|
Is Humoral immunity specfic or general immunity?
|
Specific
|
|
Humoral immunity mainy fights what 2 pathogens?
|
viruse and bacteria
|
|
What type of white blood cell works with the humoral immunity?
|
B-Cells
|
|
What are the 2 types of humoral immunity?
|
Active and Passive
|
|
How do the body gains active immunity?
|
The body develops its own antibodies when its been infected.
|
|
How do the body gains passive immunity?
|
The body gains antibodies by vaccination
|
|
What does Cell-mediated immunity work against?
|
work against agents in general.
|
|
Is Cell-mediated immunity specific of general?
|
general
|
|
What 3 things does cell-mediated immunity mainly fight agaings?
|
cancer cells & tissue, fungi, parasites
|
|
What type of white blood cell is used by cell-mediated immunity?
|
T-Cell
|
|
What are the names of the T-Cells and other cells found in cell-mediated immunity.
|
T-cell (lymphocytes) & macrophages
|
|
What are the 4 signs of losing the battle against infection.
|
swollen lymph nodes, swelling,high temp., abscesses & pus
|
|
What can have a great impact on the immune system if not managed.
|
stress
|
|
Define: Allergies
|
hypersenitivity to elements in the enviroment or diet
|
|
Define: Immunotherapy
|
passive immuninity like (i.e. vaccines)
|
|
Define: Autoimmune disorders
|
normal cells seen as foreign invaders
|
|
What are 3 examples of autoimmune disorders
|
rheumatoid arhritis, systemic lupus, multiple sclerosis
|
|
Women are __ times more likely to have an autoimmune disorder than men.
|
3 times
|
|
Define: Immune deficiency
|
abnormally developed immune system
|
|
Define: Pathogen
|
Disease causing microorganism
|
|
What size are viruse.
|
small
|
|
What are viuruse made of
|
DNA or RNA + Protien
|
|
Viruses are made of both DNA and RNA, true of false?
|
False
|
|
Why are viruses hard to fight.
|
They look similar to the body's cells.
|
|
why does viruses look similar to the body's cells?
|
They use the instruction information found on the the cells they attack.
|
|
Why do viruses attack cells.
|
They can't reproduce on their own, so they need the cell's reprodutive mechanism to replicate.
|
|
Can you treat a viruse with an antibiotic?
|
No
|
|
What are used to treat a viruse?
|
anitviral drugs.
|
|
Bacteria are multicelled organisms, true or false?
|
false, single celled
|
|
What pathogens cause the most problems?
|
bacteria
|
|
what pathogen is the most commmon organism on earth.
|
bacteria.
|
|
If bacteria is in the body, the host will die within minutes, true or false.
|
false, bacteria are need by the body in small amounts.
|
|
What are the 2 ways that bacteria are harmful to the body.
|
They release toxins or secret enzymes that breakdown cells.
|
|
What is an exmaple of a toxic effect of bacteria.
|
Toxic Shock Syndrome
|
|
What are used to treat bacteria
|
antibiotics
|
|
that are 2 possible side effects from using antibotics.
|
allergic reaction or resistance
|
|
What are fungi?
|
single or multicelled organsims.
|
|
Why do fungi need other organism to thrive.
|
They are unable to make their own food, or hunt so they must secret an enzyme to break down other organsims and aborb them for their nutrients.
|
|
What is a Protozoa.
|
A single celled organism or animal that destroys cells
|
|
Protozoa are very common in the US, true or false.
|
false
|
|
what is an example of a protozoa diesease.
|
Malaria
|
|
What are used to treat fungal disease.
|
antifungal drugs and ointments
|
|
What part of a protozoa do you treat.
|
The symptoms
|
|
What pathogen competes with the host for nutrients?
|
parasitic worms
|
|
What do parastic worms attack?
|
organs and tissue
|
|
How do you treat parastic worms?
|
medication
|
|
Veneral diseases are also know as the ___/___ disease.
|
love/lust
|
|
Doctors are not required by law to report veneral disease, but the government suggest that they do for public health reasons, true or false.
|
False, they must be reported by law.
|
|
STDs are highest amoung __ to __ yr. olds.
|
16-24 yr olds
|
|
what are the 3 reason that young adults have the highest rates of STDs.
|
lack of health standards, prevention, and access to HC
|
|
What is the chances of getting an STD in a person's lifetime.
|
1 in 4 (25%)
|
|
How much does STD cost the HC system.
|
$17 trillion
|
|
What are 4 health impacts caused by STDs.
|
sterility, ectopic pregnancies, premature birth, miscarriages
|
|
What 3 groups are at the highest risk of getting an STI.
|
young adults, homosexual men, and newborns with an infected mother.
|
|
What puts people at higher risk of getting an STD.
|
unsafe sex practices.
|
|
what 3 unsafe sex behaviors can lead to getting an STD.
|
prior drug or alcohol use, muliti partners, invulnerability
|
|
What percent of people with a STI show no syptoms?
|
50%
|
|
What STD is know as "the clap"
|
Gonorrhea
|
|
How are rates of gonorrhea infection changed over the past decade.
|
reemerged and has become very common
|
|
What 3 groups are most like to get Gonorrhea?
|
teens, young adults, and black men.
|
|
Black men are __times more likely to get gonorrhea than white men.
|
40 times
|
|
In women, what 2 things can gonorrhea cause?
|
Sterility and (PID) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
|
|
What are the 2 main symptoms of having of gonorrhea?
|
yellowish white pus discharge and buring during urination
|
|
How soon does symptoms start after someone gets gonorrhea?
|
2-9 days
|
|
What percent of women with gonorrhea have no symptoms?
|
80%
|
|
When a newborn is exposed to gonorrhea from the mother during delivery what 2 things can happen to the infant.
|
conjuntivites and blindness
|
|
What are 5 long term effects caused by gonorrhea?
|
sterility, urniary tract obsturctions, arthritis, heart inflammation, and meningitis.
|
|
What other dieseas is often found in a person that has Gonorrhea?
|
Chlamydia
|
|
What drugs are used to treat Gonorrhea?
|
antibotics
|
|
Are rates of syphilis infections increasing or decresing?
|
decresing
|
|
When do people get screened for Syphilis?
|
Everytime they are screened for any STD
|
|
What is the 1st degree symptom of having syphilis?
|
Chancers (lesions)
|
|
Define: Chancers
|
lesions or open sores of bacteria
|
|
Where do the chancers form?
|
on infected mucous tisse or membranes.
|
|
After getting syphilis, how long does it take for lesions to form?
|
3-4 weeks
|
|
What are the 5 2nd degree symptoms of syphilis that develop.
|
rash, white patches, low temp., moist sores, temporary pubic baldness
|
|
How long does it take for 2nd degree symptoms of syphilis to develop?
|
1-12 months
|
|
What 4 things happen with latent syphilis?
|
no signs or symptoms, low transmission, some flare-ups,incubation
|
|
What are 3 complications of 3rd degree syphilis?
|
brain, heart, and organ problems
|
|
What degree of syphilis is rare?
|
3rd degree
|
|
what fration of untreated syphilis infected people develop 3rd degree syphilis.
|
1/3
|
|
How long must a person have to have syphilis before they reach 3rd degree syphilis?
|
10-20 years
|
|
What specific drug is used to treat syphilis, and is it antivirual or antibiotic.
|
Penicillin an antibotic
|
|
Can you be completely cured from syphilis?
|
Yes, if caught in its early stages
|
|
What does HSV stand for?
|
Herpes Simplex Viruse
|
|
How many types of HSV are there, and what are they?
|
2, HSV-1 & HSV-2
|
|
What are the 2 common names for HSV-1?
|
Fever blisters or cold sores
|
|
What is the main symptom of HSV?
|
blistering of the skin and membranes
|
|
What type of HSV is the most common?
|
HSV-!
|
|
How many people in the in the US under the age of 12 have HSV-1?
|
135 million
|
|
What is the common name for HSV-2?
|
Genital herpes
|
|
What are the for main areas that develop blister when a person has gential herpes?
|
geitialia, butt, thigh, pubic area
|
|
HSV has incresed by what percent since the 1970s?
|
30%
|
|
__ in __ people have HSV-2.
|
1 in 5
|
|
what percent of people with HSV-2 don't know they have it?
|
80-90%
|
|
what age group has the highest rates of genital herpes?
|
20-29 yr. olds
|
|
What STD is often missed with standard screening?
|
HSV-2
|
|
When does a person get HSV?
|
They always have it in their body, but something must trigger it for it to express itself with blister.
|
|
When HSV goes into remission, where in the body does the viruse go?
|
Spinal Chord
|
|
Herpes is not that contagies, in fact you can touch it and not be infected, true of false.
|
false, it is very contagious and is spred by touch.
|
|
If a mother has gential herpes, how would the doctor deliver her baby?
|
C-Section
|
|
What kind of treatment is used for HSV?
|
Antivirual drugs
|
|
What percent of people who take drugs fro HSV still have reoccurences?
|
80%
|
|
What 3 things can a person do to avoid a HSV breakout?
|
hot baths, warm enivronments, and long term stress
|
|
What does HPV stand for?
|
Human Papilloma viruse
|
|
What is the most common STD?
|
HPV
|
|
How many women in the US have HPV?
|
20 million
|
|
what percent of college students have HPV?
|
10-46%
|
|
What percent of people with HPV don't have symptoms?
|
50%
|
|
What is the most common symptom of HPV?
|
Gential warts
|
|
HPV causes what percent of cervical cancer?
|
95%
|
|
What is a treatment for HPV that helps the personal immune system?
|
interferon injections
|
|
What treatment is needed when HPV causes cervical cancer?
|
Surgery
|
|
What is the treatment for genital warts?
|
freezing
|
|
Therapy, over time, will complete eradicate HPV, true of false?
|
false
|
|
What percent of people who recieve treatment for HPV have reoccurences?
|
20-30%
|
|
What is another name for pubic lice?
|
crabs
|
|
What STD, is not always transmitted by having sex?
|
Pubic lice
|
|
Where do crabs live?
|
in hairy areas
|
|
Where do mites lay their eggs?
|
at the base of the hair shaft
|
|
what is the 2 main symptoms of pubic lice.
|
intense itching and sores from scratching
|
|
what is the #1 treatment for crabs?
|
shampoo/creams
|
|
what should a person do if someone in the house has pubic lice?
|
wash all the bed linen, clothes, etc.
|
|
What does HIV stand for?
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
|
|
Is there a cure for HIV?
|
No
|
|
What does HIV do?
|
Virus replicates and breaks down "cell-mediated" immunity
|
|
What type of white blood cell is reduced in the body because of HIV?
|
T-Cells
|
|
What is the specific name of the T-Cells affected by HIV, and what is its nickname?
|
CD4 T-lymphocytes, aka CD4 helper-T cells.
|
|
When the T-cells are reduced and cell-mediated immunity is decrease what 2 things can develop?
|
cancer and infections
|
|
Whad does AIDS stand for?
|
Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome
|
|
What 2 thing must a person have to be considered to have AIDS?
|
1) a t-cell count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or 2) reoccuring pneumonia, Tb, or cervial cancer
|
|
What are the 4 main complications caused by AIDS?
|
Fever, diarrhea, lose weight, diminished mental function
|
|
What are the early syptoms of HIV, and how long from the 1st symptoms does it take for AIDS to develop?
|
Flu like symptoms, weeks to decades
|
|
Unknown 30 years ago, what is the #1 infectious cause of death world wide?
|
HIV/AIDS
|
|
What are 4 things that tranmit HIV?
|
blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk
|
|
Casual kissing, touching, shared dishes and glass all can transmit HIV, true or false?
|
false
|
|
How many people in the US have HIV?
|
850,000-950,000
|
|
How many new cases of HIV are diognosed each year?
|
40,000
|
|
How many people with HIV have AIDS?
|
385,000
|
|
What age group is HIV infection rates increasing?
|
50 and above
|
|
What percent increase was the infection rate for people over the age of 50.
|
22%
|
|
Why has HIV infection rates increased in the 50+ age group?
|
Viagra, and the idea that they don't need protection becuase they can't get pregnant.
|
|
How many people world wide have HIV-AIDS?
|
36 million
|
|
How many people in Sub-Sahara Africa have HIV-AIDS
|
25.3 million
|
|
The number of people with HIV-AIDS doubles every 10 years, true or false?
|
true
|
|
what percent of all AID cases are in Africa?
|
70%
|
|
What percent of deaths due to HIV-AID are in Africa?
|
90%
|
|
In what 2 countries in Africa does 25% of the entire population have HIV-AIDS?
|
Zimbabwe & Botswana
|
|
Orginally, what 2 groups were at the greatest risk of getting HIV-AIDS?
|
gay men and injection drug abusers
|
|
Today, HIV-AIDS cases in heterosexuals have increased from __ percent to ___ percent?
|
2% to 15%
|
|
Women account for what fraction of all HIV-AIDS cases?
|
1/3
|
|
African American women are 13% of the total population of women, however black women account for __percent of HIV-AIDS cases?
|
64%
|
|
Blacks and latinos account for 25% of the total population, but they are what percent of new HIV-AIDS cases?
|
70-82%
|
|
What 5 groups of people are most likely to get HIV-AIDS?
|
teen girls, people who have a STD, people who have sex with multiple partners, people who have anal sex, and people who have oral sex
|
|
Overall, have the infections of HIV-AIDS decrease, and if so will the trend continue?
|
yes, but decrese rate is slowing because rate in gay men are increasing and more people are doing riky sexual activities
|
|
What 2 things are being used to decrease the rate of AIDS
|
education and health promotion
|
|
Programs have caused what percent of the decrease in AIDS?
|
30-50%
|
|
Blood screening has is 99.9% effective in preventing HIV infection due to blood transfusion, true of false?
|
true
|
|
What percent of babies being born to HIV infected mothers, do NOT have HIV because of drug therapy during preganancy?
|
90%
|
|
What is the most effictive HIV-AIDS treatment?
|
HARRT
|
|
What does HARRT stand for?
|
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
|
|
How does HARRT work?
|
It reduces the viral load
|
|
What is the HARRT regimen?
|
rigorus drug regimen over a long period of time
|
|
How much does HARRT treatment cost per year?
|
$10,000
|
|
HIV-AIDS is a how many tier test?
|
2-tier
|
|
How long must a person have HIV before it can be detected by screening?
|
3-6 months
|
|
What is the first type of HIV-AIDS screening?
|
anitbody testing
|
|
What is the 2nd tier of a HIV test (only done if the first test is postive)?
|
virus test
|
|
Vaccination programs decrese the risk of developing many common infectious diseases by what percent?
|
95-99%
|
|
What is one of the greatest Public Health achievements in history?
|
vaccination
|
|
What are the 3 types of immunization?
|
a single dose, a series of vaccines, booster shots
|
|
What percent of children don't receive their complete immunization?
|
25%
|
|
What are the 2 groups with the highest rates of children who don't have complete immunization?
|
Black and Low Income
|
|
How many people in N. America have HIV?
|
920,000
|
|
How many people in E. Europe and Central Asia have HIV?
|
700,000
|
|
How many people in the Caribbean have HIV?
|
390,000
|
|
How many people in Latin America have HIV?
|
1.4 Million
|
|
How many in W. Europe have HIV?
|
540,000
|
|
How many in Mid and N. Africa have HIV?
|
400,000
|
|
How many people in S. Africa have HIV?
|
25.3 Million
|
|
East Asia and the Pacific has how many people with HIV?
|
640,000
|
|
How many people in South Asia has HIV?
|
5.8 million
|
|
How many people in Austrilia and New Zealand have HIV?
|
15,000
|
|
Vaccines are recommended for children under what age?
|
18 months
|
|
What 11 vaccines are recommended for children.
|
Hepatitis B, Measeles, Mumps, Rubella, Diphteria, Tetanus, Pertussia, HIB, Pneumococcoal,Polio, and varicella
|
|
What does Hepatitis B targe?
|
the liver
|
|
You must re-immunized before college for Mesles, but what percent don't and are now at risk?
|
5-15%
|
|
What is another name for Rubella?
|
The Germen Measles
|
|
Who is most at risk for the Germen Mesales?
|
New borns
|
|
How often should you get the Diptheria and tetanus immunization.
|
Every 10 years
|
|
What is another name for Pertussis?
|
The whopping cough
|
|
What does HIB stand for?
|
Hemophilis Influinzia-B
|
|
What does HIB cause?
|
Menigitis
|
|
HIB caused Mengitis has decreased by what percent?
|
99%
|
|
Pneumococcal immunizies against what, and what does this viruse casue?
|
the pneumococcal virus, pneumonia
|
|
Polio is almost non-existent, true or false?
|
true
|
|
What does polio do?
|
affects neuromuscular system
|
|
Varicell is the vaccine for what?
|
Cicken pox
|
|
Which of the 11 vaccines is the most recent?
|
Varicell
|
|
Most vaccines are combination vaccines, so what are the 5 vaccine doeses?
|
1)Hep-B
2)MMR 3)DTaP 4)Influenza,Pneumonia,Polio 5)Varicella |
|
What are the 2 types of Menigitis?
|
Bacterial and Viral
|
|
What does menigiites do to the body?
|
inflamation to the brain and spinal chord, and brain damage
|
|
Of the 2,600 cases of menigites, how many were college students?
|
120
|
|
What percent of menigites cases die?
|
10%
|
|
what 3 ways does menigities spred?
|
kissing, sharing cigretts and drinks, and prolonged exposure
|
|
What is Dorm frosh?
|
Menigities in college students, cuased by the close quarters of dorms
|
|
Dorm Frosh effects what percent of students?
|
5%
|
|
Dorm frosh accounts for what percent of all menigities cases?
|
30%
|
|
How many die each year due to Dorm Frosh?
|
12
|
|
What are the 8 symptoms of menigities?
|
1)fever
2)sever headaches 3)stiff neck 4)nausea 5)vomitting 6)lethargy (tierd) 7)confusion 8)rashes |
|
What are the 5 types of Hepatites?
|
A,B,C,D,E
|
|
What are the 3 Viral strains of Hepatites?
|
A, B, and C
|
|
Which type of Hepatites is the least serious?
|
Hep-A
|
|
Hep-A is casued by what?
|
Poor sanitation
|
|
Is there a vaccine for Hep-A and Hep-B?
|
Yes
|
|
Is Hep-B potential fatal?
|
yes
|
|
How is Hep-B transmitted?
|
Blood and fluids from needles and sex
|
|
What other Hepatites is Hep-C similar to?
|
Hep-B
|
|
How many people in the world have Hep-B?
|
350,000
|
|
How many people in the world have Hep-C?
|
4 million
|
|
Which is the most infectious, Hep-B or Hep-C?
|
Hep-C
|
|
Hep-C is also known as what?
|
HCV
|
|
HCV has incresed how many times in the last decade?
|
3 times
|
|
What is the #1 reason for liver transplants in the US?
|
Hepatities
|
|
What is Tuberculosis (Tb)?
|
A highly contagious bacterial infection in the lungs.
|
|
How is Tb transmitted?
|
Its airborne
|
|
What is the leading cause of death world wide?
|
Tb
|
|
what fraction of people world wide have Tb (most of which have no symptoms)?
|
1/3
|
|
Have rates of Tb decrease?
|
Yes
|
|
When was the last increse in Tb before the rate decreased again?
|
1980-1990s
|
|
What are the 5 cause of an increase in Tb?
|
1)Homelessness
2)Migration 3)Poverty 4)HIV-AIDS 5)Resistant strains of Tb |
|
Who are the 3 groups that are at the greatest risk of getting Tb?
|
1)prison population
2)nursing homes 3)people in poor ventelated areas |
|
What 3 medical steps are taken to detect Tb?
|
1)Tb bacteria test
2)X-ray/monitoring 3)drugs |
|
What is another name for Monoducleosis?
|
The kissing disease
|
|
Is mono always transmitted by kissing?
|
No
|
|
What age group has the highest rates of Mono?
|
16-24 yr. olds
|
|
What are the 4 symptoms of Mono?
|
1)Swollen lymph nodes or spleen
2)prolonged weakness for 2-3 weeks 3)ruptured spleen 4)Internal bleeding |
|
What is the treatment for symptoms?
|
Rest and immune system promotion
|
|
What is another name for Rhinoviruses?
|
The common cold
|
|
How many different strains are there of the common cold virus?
|
200
|
|
Spring, summer and early fall gives what 2 kinds of cold symptoms?
|
Stuffy nose and headaches
|
|
Late fall and winter colds have what 2 types of cold symptoms?
|
fever and respiatory tract infection
|
|
What casue sore throat?
|
when the bacteria of a common cold travels to the thorat
|
|
Common colds are the most common amoung college students, true of false?
|
true
|
|
You can only treat the symptoms of a cold, what are the 4 main cold medications?
|
1)Ibuprofen
2)Advil 3)Motrin 4)Nuprin |
|
what are asprin and acetaminophen (tylonal)bad for a cold ?
|
they supress the immune system
|
|
Asprin increase the risk of what syndrom?
|
Reye's Syndrom
|
|
Antihistamines used for allergies often cause what?
|
drowsiness
|
|
Pseudoephedrin does not caue drowsiness, but its risky for what 3 groups?
|
1) people with CVD
2) people with diabetes 3) people high blood pressure |
|
What kind of food shoud you avoid when you have a cold?
|
diary
|
|
If you have a cold, when should you take antibotics?
|
If you start to cough up fool smelling, greenish mucous
|
|
What 2 things can give temporary relief from a cold?
|
1) Echinacea Herbs
2) Zinc gluconate |
|
What are the 3 best things for a cold?
|
1)Rest
2)Fluids 3)warmth |
|
Why is a cold called a cold?
|
the viruse thrives in low temp
|
|
How many different types of influenza are there, what are they?
|
2, Influenza A & B
|
|
Which is the most severe, influenza or rhinoviures?
|
influenza
|
|
How many people in the US get the flu each year?
|
65 million
|
|
How many go to the hospital each year with the flu each year?
|
350,000
|
|
How many die each year from the flu?
|
20,000
|
|
What 2 infectious disease together are the #5 cause of death?
|
Flu and pnemonia
|
|
When the flu the most contagious?
|
1-3 days
|
|
Flu symptoms normally occuring in the first 2 days, however, the flu is the #1 cause of what 3 things?
|
1) lost work days
2) incresed health care visits 3) increased over the counter sales |
|
Why is there vaccince for the flu & why do we have to have one every year?
|
there are very few strain, but they change each year
|
|
How long does it take for the body to develop a immunity to the flu?
|
10-14 days
|
|
How effective are flu vaccines?
|
75%
|
|
Who should not get a fle vaccine?
|
People that allegic to eggs
|
|
What is the less effective flu vaccine, but the most excpeted by kids?
|
nasal flu sprays
|
|
What are the 5 symptoms of pneumonia?
|
1) inflammation of the lungs
2) Fluid build up in alveoli 3) Fever 4) Weakness 5) shortness of breath |
|
What are the 3 main causes of pneumonia?
|
1) bacteria
2) Virus 3)foreign objects (ex. smoke) |
|
What are 3 treatments of pneumonia?
|
1) antibotics
2) vaccination 3) avoid exposure |
|
Kid get __ colds per year, but adults get __ colds per year.
|
12, 2
|
|
What percent of kids get the flu?
|
40%
|
|
What percent of adults get the flu?
|
10-15%
|
|
Parent are how many more times likely to get the flu than other adults?
|
6 times
|
|
True of flase, the elder are less likely to get the flu?
|
true
|
|
Of people over the age of 65 __ in __ go to the hosptial and how __ in __ die.
|
1 in 10, 1 in 50
|
|
Why are the chronically illa and smokers at a great risk of getting an infectio disease?
|
they supressed immune systems
|
|
What 7 groups are at the greatest risk of getting an infectious dieseas?
|
1)childre & families
2)Elderly 3)Chronically ill 4)Smokers 5)people who work with sick people 6)people who live in poorly ventatlated building 7)indiviudals who don't practice common infection provention straties |
|
It is estimated that there are about __ microgranisms that can cause diesase in humans and only ___ have cures.
|
500, 300
|
|
While infectious diseases are often thought of as a health problem of the past century, they are still very real and serious treat to society, true of false?
|
True
|
|
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is holds what to spots on the list of causes of death?
|
#1 and #2
|
|
What are the 4 types of CVD?
|
1) CHD- coranary heart artery disease
2) CVA- Stroke and cerebral vascular accident 3) PVD- perpheral vascular diseaes 4) congestive heart failure |
|
Define:Arterisclerosis
|
hardening of arteries
|
|
Define: Atherosclerosis
|
narrowing of arteris
|
|
Define: Ischemia
|
lack of oxygen supply
|
|
Define: Angina Pectoris
|
Chest Pain
|
|
what does TIA stand for?
|
Transient Ischemic Attack
|
|
What is TIA?
|
A little stroke
|
|
what are 5 symptoms of TIA?
|
1)blurry vision
2)white spots 3)black spots 4)weakness on oneside 5)speech and though problems |
|
Define: Thrombus
|
blood clot in the arteries
|
|
If a thrombus gets in the heart what will it cause?
|
Myocardial infracation
|
|
What does MI stand for?
|
Myocardial Infraction
|
|
If a thrombus gets to the brain what will happen?
|
Stroke
|
|
What is a wondering clot?
|
Embolus
|
|
What is an embolus called in the head?
|
Cerebral embolism
|
|
Define: Hemorrhage
|
a ruptured artery
|
|
If there is a hemorrhage in your head it can cause?
|
cerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke
|
|
Define: Arrythmia
|
heart rate abnormalities
|
|
Define: Tachycardia
|
a heart rate more than 100
|
|
Define: Bradycardia
|
a heart rateless than 60
|
|
What is used to regualte abnormal heart rates?
|
Atrial Fibrillaton
|
|
Define: Mitral Valve prolapese
|
a leaky valve
|
|
what is a congential defect?
|
a hole in the heart
|
|
What is infectious disease trauma?
|
Rheumatic fever
|
|
Rheumatic fever is caused via what type of infection?
|
Streptoccacal infection
|
|
Streptoccocal infection is found in what age group?
|
5-15 year olds
|
|
True or False, physical inactivity and is a controllable risk factor for heart disease?
|
true
|
|
True of false, smoking is a controllable risk factor for heart diesease?
|
true
|
|
How many smokers have a CVD?
|
250,000
|
|
How many non-smokers have a CVD?
|
40,000
|
|
CVD in non-smoker has risen by what percent?
|
25%
|
|
What is hypertension, and what is its it known as?
|
high blood pressure, the "silent killer"
|
|
Hypertension can lead to arteriosclerosis, true or false?
|
true
|
|
what is a normal blood pressure?
|
120/80
|
|
what is the top number, and bottom number of a blood pressure?
|
systolic (top), diastolic (bottom)
|
|
What is a hight blood pressure?
|
140/90
|
|
what is the blood pressure range for being prehypertensive?
|
(120-140) / (80-90)
|
|
Beta blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and Ca+ channel blockers are all drugs used to regulate blood pressure, true or false?
|
true
|
|
Saturated fats, choleteroal, and salts don't really effect blood pressure, true or false?
|
false
|
|
What are 3 blood fats?
|
1) cholesterol
2) lipoproteins 3) triglycerides |
|
What do liopoproteins do?
|
carry cholesterol to the liver
|
|
HDL is good cholesterol, true of false?
|
true
|
|
LDL and VLDL are bad cholesterol, true or false?
|
ture
|
|
What is bad cholesterol are also called what?
|
littering lipoprotein
|
|
What are good cholesterol also known as?
|
scavenger lipoprotein
|
|
What are Triglycerides?
|
circulating blood fats
|
|
What combines with cholesterol to form thrombus?
|
Triglycerides
|
|
of Diabetes Mellitis, obesity, physchosocial factors, and illegal drug use, which one is not a controllabe risk factor for heath disease.
|
Diabetes
|
|
Heredity, Race/Ethnicity, age, and gender are uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease, true or false.
|
true
|
|
What are the 4 novel risk factors for heart disease?
|
1) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
2) Lipoproteni a (Lp a) 3) Homocysteine 4) Fibrinogen |
|
what kind of test is a ECG/EKG test?
|
a stress test
|
|
Asprin therapy is a popular type of medication treatment for heart problems, true of false.
|
true
|
|
What is the name of bypass surgery called?
|
Coronary bypass surgery
|
|
Anigioplasty, stents, and pacemakers are all used as heart treatment, true of false?
|
true
|
|
Which is on top, and which is on bottom; atrium & ventricle?
|
antrium (top) and ventricle (bottom)
|
|
do the atruims of the heart pumps or recieves?
|
recieves
|
|
do the ventricles of the heart pump of recieves?
|
pump
|
|
the left side of the heart has oxygenated blood, true or false?
|
true
|
|
the righ side of the heart has de-oxygentated blood, true or false?
|
true
|
|
Define: the lifestyle syndrome
|
a cluster of conditions and diseases that result from over eating and a senditive lifestyle.
|
|
what are some consequences of the lifestyle syndrome?
|
obesity, hypertension, depression, etc
|
|
What are the 6 controllabel risk factors of heart disease?
|
1) physical inactivity
2) tobacco 3) obesity 4) blood fats 5) metabolic sydrome 6)Diabetes Mellitus |
|
What are the 5 uncontrollabel risk factors of heart disease?
|
1)Heredity
2)race/ethnicity 3)age 4)gender 5)Bacterial infection |
|
What is the single most significant risk fractors for CVD and PVD?
|
smoking
|
|
What is systolic blood presure?
|
the pressue that the blood puts on the walls of atries during heart contraction.
|