Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Absence of disease |
No attributabledetectable symptoms |
|
|
Physical well-being |
Aerobic exercise:larger heart muscle Higher stroke vol Bones stronger |
|
|
Mental/social wellbeing |
Difficult to identify |
|
|
Physical diseases |
Malfunction of organ/system (not higher centres of brain) Pulmonary tubrculosis bacteria lung Cystic fibrosis genetic mucus disease |
|
|
Mental disease |
Affect higher centres of brain Unusual behaviour/response Alzheimers Huntington's chorea Sometimes difficult to separate from physical atheroma> stroke> change |
|
|
Social disease |
Widespread poor hygiene/food short Kwashiorkor Or Transmitted during sex Gonorrhoea/AIDS |
|
|
Infectious disease |
Caused by pathogens (parasitic microorganisms)/parasites Can be transmitted contact/water/vectors (malaria) |
|
|
Viruses |
Chicken pox, smallpox, flu, cold, AIDS |
|
|
Bacteria |
TB, cholera, meningitis, botulism, tetanus |
|
|
Single cell organism (protoctista) |
Malaria, sleeping sickness |
|
|
Fungi |
Athlete's foot, ringworm, thrush |
|
|
Parasjtes |
Roundworm (nematode) Flat worm (platyhelminthes) Elephantitis- nematode- blocks lymph vessels |
|
|
Non-infectious disease |
Inherited: defective allele recessive:both parent, dominant:one Chromosome mutation:downs Degenerative: cells die, not replaced tissue malfunction alzheimers Autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis Self inflicted:toxins booze/drugs Anorexia Deficiency: scurvy, pellagra |
|
|
Epidemiology |
Health stats Reveal where/when conditions occur Pointers to causes for further study |
|
|
Endemic |
Present all the time at roughly same level Malaria tropical africa Goitre iodine deficiency in himalayas |
|
|
Epidemic |
Sudden increase infectious disease across fairly large area Chicken pox every few years |
|
|
Pandemic |
Increase/spread global Flu/AIDS |
|
|
Health measures |
Infant mortality 1st yr deaths /1000 Life expectanct at birth Prevalence of diseades %deaths by diseades |
|
|
Environmental reasons for diseases |
Warmer water better for pathogens parasites and insect vectors Low rainfall no crops deficiency
|
|
|
Social reasons |
Diet- malnutrition/colon cancer Fertility rate. Religion, education, custom, labour |
|
|
Cholera |
Comma shaped vibrio cholerae Enters mouth Secretes toxins to alimentary canal Affects water/salt absorbtion intestin Copious highly infectious diarrhoea Contam water/shelfish enters mouth 50% effective vaccine Oral rehydration therapy prevent dehydration within 5 days Good sanitation/health practises |
|
|
Malaria |
Protoctistan plasmodium Parasite of mosquitos (vector) 4 species, 4 types of malaria Introduced by mosquito bite Parasites multiply in liver Emerge, attack red blood cells Release toxins to blood Immune reaction, severe fevers Difficult to treat Pre-exposure drugs for tourists Eradicats mosquito=water drainage 2 million deaths a year Resurgence:resistant mosquito, deforestation, population growth, refugee movement |
|
|
Tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Primary infection few symptoms Healthy people fight it off. Undernourished/unhealthy catch Destroys lung tissue Transmitted in breath water droplets Damp, overcrowded best Destroyed by sunlight Unpasteurised milk m bovis Good nutrition living conditions vaccination Pasteurisation milk |
|
|
AIDS |
HIV first stage Virus parasite to helper T cells Assist t killer cells/b cell antibodies Severely compromise immune syst Sex, needles, blood transfer, fetus 95% unaware they have it |
|
|
Vaccination |
Large up front cost Difficult to administer Cost saving-dont have to treat illness |
|
|
Smallpox |
Vaccine discovered 1796 Eradicated in 70s due to communication/resources + heat stable vaccine in 50s |
|
|
Eradicate smallpox but not others |
No vectors in environment Effective vaccine long term Stable virus Slow spread slow incubation Always shows symptoms |
|
|
Role of antibiotics |
Produced saprobiontic bacteri/fungi Halt growth of competitors Synthetic modifications also Penicillin alexander fleming 1928 Destroyed by stomach Developed to amoxycillin Tetracycline broad spectrum |
|
|
Penicillin |
Prevents sum bacteria cell wall form Bacteria burst by osmosis |
|
|
Tetracycline |
Act at ribosome inhibit protein synth |
|
|
Quinolone |
Stops coiling of dna cant fit in |
|
|
Antibiotic resistant |
Chance mutations over generations Survive and thrive |
