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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define The Field of Human Development?
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The study of the change and constancy through life and its scientific, interdisciplinary and applied science.(looking at the entire lifespan)
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What is plasticity?
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Change is possible, based on experiences, believe environment is more important. (malleable and changing)
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What is nuroplasticity?
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the cheerleader exampe, things can change, people are malleable
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Genotype vs Phenotype
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-genetic make up of an individual
-observable characteristics of an individual |
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clinical, questionaire, and structured interviews?
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-clinical- flexible, conversational style. Probes for participant point of view
-questionnaire-get answers from groups -structured- each participant is asked same questions in same way |
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Correlational Designs?
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Reveals relationships between variables. NOT CAUSE AND EFFECT
-closest to 0=less strong -closest to 1=stronger the relationship |
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Cross sectional and Longitudinal Designs
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Longitudinal- same group studied at different times, can be costly, someone could drop out
cross sectional- differing groups at the same time |
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Difference between genetic info of fraternal twins and identical twins?
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fraternal twins- same genetic info as a reg sibling
identical twins-100% same genetic info |
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Carrier vs expressed chromosomes in men and women?
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male=XY they are the expressed, most likely to get disease
female=XX they are the carrier. could pass the disease on to their child |
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How do babies view checkerboards and patterns?
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they see it spread out, blob like
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What are two types of schemas? What is a schema?
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assimilation and accomodation.
Cognitive framework/ideas |
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What is assimilation vs accomodation?
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assimilation- take new info and incorporate them into our existing lives
accomodation- altering ones existing ideas as a result of new info/experience |
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Whats resilency?
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ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development
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If someone is outside the zone of proximal development..
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it is difficult for the child/person to develop skills. someone has to teach them for a while
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What is the most reliable queue of how an infant is feeling?
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facial expressions
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Difference between attachment and seperation anxiety, and stranger anxiety?
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attachment-emotional bond
seperation anxitey- dsm diagnosis, child gets physically uncomfortable stranger anxitey- when your baby doesnt like being handed to different foreign people it shows they know who mom and dad are. usually around 6 month mark |
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Most common attachment pattern is:
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secure
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differenciate ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO
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ID- largest portion of the mind, unconcious, present at birth ,source of biological needs/desires
EGO-conscious, rational part of mind, emerges in early infancy,redirects id impulses acceptably SUPEREGO-the conscious, develops age 3 to 6 from interactions with caregivers |
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Whats classical conditioning?
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stimulus response
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Whats operant conditioning?
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reinforcers and punishments
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Name Piagets 4 stages of development
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Sensorimotor
Preoperational Concrete Operational(children cant tell difference between liquid amounts) Formal Operational |
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What is down syndrome?
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problems with the 21st chromosome connecting
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How do adopted children fare after adoption
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most fare well
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What are teratogens?
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Alcohol, Smoking, drugs. Can harm the baby
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What does FAS do to a child? Whats the worse thing that can happen?
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Child may be mentally handicapped. face is messed up
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Stages of prenatal development in order:
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germinal, embryonic, fetal
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Hebbs neuorlogical postulate:
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persistence of repitition of a trace induces the lasting cellular changes that add to the stability. Axond A to B. more neurons faster, the stronger. ex reading
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What is proximal distal growth?
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When legs and arms grow before the hands and feet
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What myelinates the myelin sheath?
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glial cells
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Neurons communicate through the:
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SYNAPSE
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What does the left hemispher control and what does the right hemisphere control?
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left- verbal abilites
right-spatital abilites |
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What is the first stage in scheme?
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sensorimotor
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Object permanence
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know it
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Recall vs recognition?
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recall- asking someone a question point blank.
recognition-show pictures and ask you to pick one |
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Know interaction between genes, ___, environment?
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behavior.
these three things form ones epigenisis |
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KNow the lobes?
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FPOT
-frontal-planning, movement -parietal lobe-somatic, body image -occipital-vision Temporal-Hearing, learning, memory, emotion |
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Bell curve and how it relates to IQ:
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-100 is normal. (85-115 is normal)
-130 is gifted -70 is retard |
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whats trust vs mistrust. whos it by?
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infants in a loving environment will learn trust and will be more comfortable in their environments
Erickson |
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How does neglect affect children?
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it effects their emotions because it leads to attachment insecurities
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Synaptic pruning?
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unused neurons lose their synapses bc they arent needed anymore
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