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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychoanalyst
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Freud
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Most important thing to Erickson
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Development of trust
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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Toddler
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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School Age
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Erik Erickson
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Psychoanalyst
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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Infant
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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Preschooler
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Identity vs. Role Confustion
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Adolescent
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Young Adult
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Ego Integrity vs. Despair
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Old Age
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Accommodation
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The difference made to one's mind or concepts by the process of assimilation.
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Class Inclusion
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The understanding of more advanced than simple classification, that some classes or sets of objects are also sub-sets of a larger class.
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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Middle-Age Adult
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Jean Piaget
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Cognitive theorist
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Classification
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The ability to group objects together on the basis of common features.
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Conservation
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The realization that objects or sets of objects stay the same even when they are changed about or made to look different.
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Developmental Norm
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A statistical measure of typical scores for categories of information.
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Elaboration
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Relating new information to something familiar
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Recognition
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The ability to identify correctly something encountered before.
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Schema
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The representation in the mind of a set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions, which go together.
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Egocentrism
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The belief that you are the center of the universe and everything revolves around you.
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Operation
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The process of working something out in your head.
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Recall
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Being able to reproduce knowledge from memory.
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Stage
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A period in a child's development in which he or she is capable of understanding some things but not others.
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Reflexive Stage (0-2months)
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Simple reflex activity such as grasping and sucking.
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Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8months)
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Repetitions of change actions to reproduce interesting consequences such as kicking one's feet to move a mobile suspended over the crib.
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Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18months)
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Discovery of new ways to produce the same consequence or obtain the same goal such as the infant may pull a pillow toward him in an attempt to get a toy resting on it.
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Preoperational Phase (2-4years)
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Increased use of verbal representation but speech is egocentric. Transductive reasoning. Can think about something without the object being present by use of language.
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Primary Circular Reactions (2-4months)
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Reflexive behaviors occur in stereotyped repetition such as opening and closing fingers repetitively.
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Coordination of Secondary Reactions (8-12months)
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Responses become coordinated into more complex sequences. Actions take on an "intentional" character.
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Invention of New Means Through Mental Combination (18-24months)
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Evidence of an internal representational system. Symbolizing the problem solving sequence before actually responding. Deferred imitation.
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Intuitive Phase (4-7years)
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Speech becomes more social, less egocentric. The child has an intuitive grasp of logical concepts in some areas.
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Period of Concrete Operations (7-11years)
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Evidence for organized, logical thought. There is the ability to perform multiple classifications tasks, order objects in a logical sequence, and comprehend the principle of conservation.
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Oral Stage
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Birth-1 Year
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Phallic Stage
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3-6 Years
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Genital Stage
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Adolescence
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Period of Formal Operations (11-15years)
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Thought becomes more abstract, incorporating the principles of formal logic. The ability to generate abstract propositions, multiple hypotheses and their possible outcomes is evident.
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Anal Stage
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1-3 Years
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Latency Stage
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6-11 Years
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Denial
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Complete rejection of the feeling or situation.
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Suppression
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Hiding the feelings and not acknowledging them.
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Projection
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Transferring your thoughts and feelings onto others. For example, someone who is being unfaithful themselves constantly accuses their partner of cheating.
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Rationalization
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You deny your feelings and come up with ways to justify your behavior.
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Sublimation
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A type of displacement, redirection of the feeling into a socially productive activity.
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Reaction Formation
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Turning a feeling into the exact opposite feeling. For example, saying you hate someone you are interested in.
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Displacement
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Feelings are redirected to someone else. Someone who has a bad day at work and can't complain goes home and yells at their kids instead.
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Regression
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Reverting to old behavior to avoid feelings.
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Self-actualization
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Highest need in hierarchy
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Esteem Needs
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Level 4 need
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Safety
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Level 2 need
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Operant Conditioning
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Reinforces good behavior
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Extinction
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The process of unassociating the condition with the response.
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Belonging and Love
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Level 3 need
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Physical Needs
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Level 1 need
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Instructional Conditioning
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Gives a negative sanction.
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Egocentric Behavior
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A child does not take into consideration other people's needs.
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Social Learning Theory
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Explicit role instruction (stereotypes), boys play with trucks and cars, girls wear make-up.
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Stimulus Generalization
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Something from conditioning carries over to another related area.
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Independent Variable
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The one the researchers have direct control over.
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Longitudinal Studies
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Where the people are followed over a long period of time and checked up on at certain points.
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Baby Albert
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The kept in a box and conditioned.
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Naturalistic Observation
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Search conducted by watching the subject.
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Cross-Sectional Studies
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When people of different ages are studied at one particular time.
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Quantitiative
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The number or amount of something.
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Qualitative
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Used in statistics, similar in structure or organization.
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Human development begins when?
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Fertilization
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Infancy to Toddlers
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Birth to 3 years
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Middle Childhood
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6-12 years
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Four Steps of the Scientific Method
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Gather information, generate hypothesis, test hypothesis, revise
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Prenatal Stage
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Conception to birth
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Early Childhood
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3-6 years
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Adolescence
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12-20 years
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Young Adulthood
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20-40 years
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Late Adulthood
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65+ years
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Dizygotic Twins
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Fraternal twins
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Neonate
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Newborn
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Middle Adulthood
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40-65 years
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Monozygotic Twins
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Identical twins
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Zygote
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Fertilized egg
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First three months in womb
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Prenatal Stage
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Anoxia
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Brain damage caused by failing to breathe.
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How many chromosomes to a body cell total?
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46
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At what age does a woman's chance of having a down syndrom baby go way up?
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40
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Autism
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Lack of responsiveseness to other people.
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How many pairs of chromosomes to a body cell?
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23
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Down syndrome cells have how many chromosomes?
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47
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What number is the extra chromosome in a down syndrome baby?
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21
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Rubella
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German Measles
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Critical Period
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A time in development when a certain event will have the greatest impact.
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Fetal Tobacco syndrome is caused by..
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Mother's smoking while pregnant
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Medicated Delivery
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Most popular form of delivery
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Cesarean Birth
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Surgical delivery birth
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Fetal Alcohol syndrome is caused by..
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Mother drinking alcohol while pregnant.
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Amniocentesis
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Sample of the amniotic sac to be tested for various diseases.
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Gentle Birth
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Baby is born in a pool or bath with dim lights
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Ferdinand Lamaze
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Taught women breathing procedures to get through childbirth.
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Anorexia Nervosa
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Self starvation
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STD
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Sexually transmitted diseases
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Apgar Ratings Include (5)
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Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
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PKU
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Enzyme Deficiency
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Bulimia
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Binge and purge
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Virginia Apgar rating is used..
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At birth
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Habituation
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To get used to something
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Phenylketonuria
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PKU
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SIDS
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
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Object Permanence
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Understanding that an object does not cease to exist once it has left your vision.
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Who made the first IQ test?
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Alfred Binet
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Hyperactivity affects what percentage of children?
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0.03
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Visual Cliff
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Experiment to prove infants have depth perception.
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Harry Harlow
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Monkey experiment-monkeys liked the soft one better
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Formula to find out IQ?
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IQ=Mental Age/Caculated Age x 100
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Divergent Thinking
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Creative process thinking
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Convergent Thinking
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Follower thinking
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Four Stages of Speech
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Cooing, babbling hollow phrases, telegraphic speech
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Id
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Primitive part of the subconscious which wants food and sex
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Super Ego
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Ethical, super good part of the subconscious
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Nature vs. Nurture
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Are personalities determined by biology or environment.
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Echolalia
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When a baby repeats what you just said
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Ego
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The mediator between ego and id
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Kibbutz
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Commune where children are raised by all.
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
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How morality is linked to behavior
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Conventional Morality
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Motivation to obey is done from influence of other people.
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Hurried Child
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A rushed child
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Rite of Passage
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An event that shows maturation of a child.
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Preconventional Morality
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Punishment of obedience phase
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Postconventional Morality
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Motivation is because law is a higher order
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Resilient Child
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A child that bounces back from difficult situations.
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Psychometrics
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Cultural bias not generally known across all subcultures.
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Mainstreaming
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Mixing non-mainstreaming kids with mainstream ones.
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Deferred Imitation
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Imitation of a passed observed behavior.
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Authoritarian
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Because I say so.
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Authoritative
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Respects individuality
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Self-concept
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Who am I?
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Gender Conservation
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Realization that a child's gender will stay the same.
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Permissive
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Few demands
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