Human Growth And Development

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Freud (5 psychosexual stages)

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0-1 oral , 2-3 anal, 3-6 phallic , 6-11 latency , 12-18 puberty -genital

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piaget (4 stages of development )

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sensorimotor thought (0-2),presentational thought (2-7) ,concrete operations (7-11) ,formal operations (11-18), 18-mid 20's not investigated by Piaget

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piaget cognitive theory (4stages )

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sensorimotor(0-2) retains image of objects ,develops primitive logic in manipulating objects,begins intentional actions, play is Imitative, signals meaning -infant invest meaning in event (I.e , baby sitter arrives means mom is leaving), symbol meaning language is last part

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piaget -cognitive theory (4stages)

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preoperational-(2-7) language development enables symbolic functioning to occur , progress from concretism to abstract thinking, can comprehend past present and future, night terrors, acquires words,math symbols, music symbols,and other codes. magical thinking ,thinking is not generalized. thinking is : concrete, irreversible,egocentric(cannot see another point of view) centered on one detail or event

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pusher -cognitive theory

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concrete operations (7-11) beginnings of abstract thought , plays games with rules,cause-effect relationship understood, logical implications are understood,thinking is independent of experience , thinking is reversible , rules of logic are developed

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pusher- cognitive theory

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formal operations - (11-maturity) level of abstraction , construction of ideals ,planning of future, thinks hypothetically , decenters through interaction, assumes adult roles and responsibility.

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Freud -structural theory

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Id- set of primitive drives and instinctual needs (what I see I want)
impulsive behavior, primary process thinking, unconscious , discharges tension

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Freud structural theory

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ego - mediator between drives and external reality
Moderates conflict between drives and internalized prohibitions
adaptive capacity in relation to external reality

major functions: reality testing, judgement , modulating and controlling impulses , object relations ,regulate self esteem , mastering developmental challenges

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Freud -structural theory

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three levels of the mind

unconscious thoughts - thoughts feelings desires and memories of which we are unaware

preconscious- thoughts and feelings which can be brought into consciousness easily

conscious- mental activity if which we are fully aware

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Erickson 's theory of Psychosocial development (8 stages)

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stage one: infancy (trust vs mistrust)
children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability ,care and affection .lack of this will lead to mistrust.

important events-feeding

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Ericksons Theory of psycho social development

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stage 2 : early childhood : autonomy vs shame and doubt
children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence .success leads to feelings of autonomy .failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
important events- toilet training

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Erickson' s theory of Psychosocial development

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stage 3 play age :initiative vs guilt
children need to Begin asserting control over the environment. success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval,resulting in a sense of guilt.
important event: exploration

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ERIKSON' s theory of Psychosocial development

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stage 4 :school age : industry vs inferiority
children need to cope with new social and Academic demand. success leads to a sense of competence while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
important events: school

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ERIKSON' s theory of Psychosocial development

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stage 5: adolescence : Identity vs identity diffusion