Human Growth And Development

Front 1

Locke

Back 1

Born in England
Went to Oxford University
Is a Christian

learn through rewards and punishments

development dependent on environment

Front 2

Rousseau

Back 2

born in Geneva
Christian
5 kids sent to orphanage
Nature is a hidden tutor

Front 3

Gesell

Back 3

Born in Wisconsin
development is governed by genes
maturation governs the growth of personality

Front 4

Ainsworth

Back 4

Experiments on attachments
-securely attached infants
-insecure avoidant infants
-insecure ambivalent infants

Front 5

Montessori

Back 5

High value of nature
Criticism is pointless and humiliating
Misbehavior is an indicator of un-fulfillment
External evaluation robs child of the independence
- Avoids rewards and punishment

Front 6

Piaget

Back 6

born in Switzerland
Cognitive development theory

Front 7

Cognitive development theory

Back 7

period one: Sensori Motor Intelligence
stage 1- use of reflexes (0-1 months)
stage 2- primary circular reactions (1-4 m)
stage 3- secondary circular reactions (4-10m)
stage 4- Coordination of secondary schemes (10-12m)
stage 5- Tertiary circular reactions (12-18m)
stage 6- beginnings of thought (18-24m)
period two: preoperational thought (2-7)
period three: concrete operations (7-11)
period four: formal operations (11- adulthood)

Front 8

Kohlberg

Back 8

• Born in New York
• Heinz dillemma

Front 9

Kohlberg

Back 9

Stages of Moral Reasoning

Front 10

Stages of Moral Reasoning

Back 10

stage one: 1. obedience/ punishment
2. Individual/ exchange
stage two: 3. Good interpersonal relationships
4. Maintaining social order
stage three: 5. Social contract/ individual right
6. Universal principals

Front 11

Freud

Back 11

Id- the most primitive part of the personality
containing the basic biological reflexes and drives.

Ego- rules the Id like a rider on the horse; deals in the world of the realistic and conscious; negotiates with the Id to fulfill its desire in a reasonable and logical manner.

Superego- similar to the conscience; the internal policeman that protects us from dangerous impulses and desires; deals with shame guilt and pride; our standard of right and wrong, a second control system; containing two parts: conscience and ego ideal.

Front 12

Freudian Defense mechanisms

Back 12

Denial

·Displacement (the shifting of impulses or feelings from one object to another; ex: bad day at work therefore kick the dog)

·Turning against the self (like dobby getting mad at himself and hits himself)

·Projection (where the subject projects his weaknesses on other people rather than acknowledging his own weakness. Ex: people are so rude)

·Repression (“motivated forgetting” not being able to recall a threatening situation, person, or event)

·Isolation or intellectualization (stripping of emotion from event)

·Altruistic surrender or compensation (attempting to fulfill your needs vicariously through another ex: the single match maker or ill watch and you play)

Front 13

Erikson

Back 13

Born in Germany
Tried to develope stages that were more thorough than freuds
8 stages of man

Front 14

Erikson's 8 stages of man

Back 14

1. Oral Stage
◦ Primary zone is mouth
◦ mode of grasping or biting
◦ general stage: Basic trust vs. mistrust
2. Anal Stage (2-3)
◦ Holding objects
◦ General Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
3. Phallic (Oedipal) Stage (3-6)
◦ Primary mode: Intrusion - child is now exceedingly daring, curious &competitve
◦ General; Initiative vs. guilt
4. Latency Stage (6-11)
◦ general: Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Puberty (genital) Stage;
◦ Identity vs. Role confusion
6. Young Adulthood:
◦ Widen & deepen their capacities to love and care for others
◦ General; Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Adulthood:
◦ General: Generativity vs. self-absorption & stagnation
8. Old Age
◦ Ego integrity vs. despair

Front 15

Pavlov

Back 15

• Born in Russia
• Salivating Doges = Light – food

Classical Condtioning
◦ Unconditional Stimulus – food, automatically caused salivating
◦ Conditional Stimulus – light required repetition before causing salivating
◦ Conditioned Reflex - Salivation

Front 16

Watson

Back 16

• Responsible for making Pavlovian principles a part of psychological mainstream