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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is developmental psychology and changes that psychologist look at. |
Its the study of how humans change during their lives through cognitive, socioemotionally, physically. |
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2 types of change |
Quality changes completely ie, butterfly Quantitively changes by just getting larger ie, growing up |
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continuous discontinuous |
is Gradual is sudden abrupt |
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Nature Nurture |
is biology genetics hereditary is environmental experiences |
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what do parents typically provide |
nature and nurture |
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behavior genetics study the individual differences of how genes affect someone like. |
Twins, adoptions and heritable conditions |
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the closer to zero in ether direction the more heritable someone is true or false |
true |
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diathesis stress model |
genetic predisposition activated under stressful life conditions ie alcoholic |
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3 types of genes that influence our environment with examples |
Active- we choose on our own Evocative- how others treat us based on our characteristics. Passive- others choose for us |
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4 types of research methods in experiments |
1 Invetigate casual relationships 2 randomly assign people to groups 3 each group gets different treatment (independent variable) 4 compare groups on outcome (dependent variable) |
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correlational studies |
measures strength between variables further from zero stronger the relationship |
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Negative correlational Positive correlational |
inverse relationship (oposite change direction) direct relationship (same change direction) |
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Longitudinal research |
one cohort multiple measurements from 6 to 8 |
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Cross sectional |
multiple cohorts one measure 6 and 8 year olds studied one time |
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Basic elements of piagets theory |
study cognitive development in children and believes children are active learners |
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schemas |
set of knowledge or information they are formed on life experiences and what we are told growing up |
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assimilation |
fitting new information into existing schema |
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accommodation |
how we change our information to deal with new information |
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sensorimotor stage birth to 2 years |
use senses and explores our environment repeat actions cause and effect goal oriented behavior object permanence things exist even though we cant see them |
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preoperational stage 7 to 11 |
operation replaces mental action with physical action. uses symbols and eternal aperance thinking is limited and logical centering animism= means things are alive egosentrism= believes everyone thing how they do |
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Concrete operation stage 7 to 11 |
thinking becomes more logical can understand classes and sub classes can perform transformation helps (with math) reasoning is tied to reality and experiences inductive and logical thinking cant reason well with hypothetical concepts |
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formal operational stage 11 years and up |
deductive logic can evaluate sources can anticipate consequences can reason hypothetical situations |
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4 types of attachment theories |
Frued = attachment based on feeding Harlow = disagreed based on comfort Bowlby = biological affects based attachment Ainsworth = early interactions with mother formed attachment and style |
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Ainsworth strange situations with 3 main elements |
1) unfamiliar environment 2) stranger present 3) Mom is gone (mom coming back is very important) |
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3 ainsworth attachment styles |
1) secure=baby trust mother to keep safe 2) avoidant= misstrust avoids mom 3)Resistant/Ambivalent= mistrusts inconsistent |
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attachment styles and infant temperament |
easy, difficult and slow to warm up suspicious to new things |
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Ericksons stages of psycho-social development |
how someone handles crisis, outcome either good or bad and ego helps master task by shaping the outcome |
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8 stages of development according to erickson |
trust vs mistrust birth to 1 year autonomy vs shame 1-3 years initiative vs guilt 3-6 years industry vs inferiority 6-12 years identity vs role confusion 12 -18 years intimacy vs isolation 20- 40 years generativity vs stagnation 40 - 60 integrity vs dispair 60 and up |
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trust vs mistrust birth to 1 year |
we have to learn adults can be trusted |
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autonomy vs shame 1-3 years old |
to become independent (adults must not over criticize) |
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initiative vs guilt 3-6 years |
learn to initiate and take responsibility (adults must punish wisely) |
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industry vs inferiority 6-12 years |
task achievement and defined goals ( may not feel like they measure up) |
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identity vs role confusion 12 - 18 years |
task development and sense of self (parents must allow safe exploration) |
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intimacy vs isolation 20 -40 years |
find ourselves in order to have successful relationships |
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generativity vs stagnation 40 - 60 |
midlife crisis based, what impact we had on other people during our life |
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integrity vs dispair 60 and up |
how we live our life and makes changes if feel despair. |
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Bowlby believed |
attachment is based on biological cercumstances |
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Frued believed |
Attachment was based on comfort and sex |
