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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber.
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agriculture
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Economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment-such as mining, fishing, lumbering and especially agriculture.
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primary economic activity
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Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector.
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secondary economic activity
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Economic activity associated with the provision of services-such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-bases jobs.
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tertiary economic activity
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Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.
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quaternary economic activity
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Service Sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.
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quinary economic activity
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Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention.
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plant domestication
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Crop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from plants.
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root crops
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Crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.
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seed crops
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Dating back 10,000 years, it achieved plant domestication and animal domestication.
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First Agricultural Revolution
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Genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more amenable to human control.
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animal domestication
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Self-sufficient agriculture that is small scale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption, not for trade.
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subsistence agriculture
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Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland.
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shifting agriculture
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Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland.
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slash-and-burn agriculture
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Dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, it witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce.
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Second Agricultural Revolution
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A model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activites into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market.
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von Thunen model
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Currently in progress it has as its principal orientation the development of genetically modified organisms.
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Third Agricultural Revolution
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The recently successful development of higher-yield fast growing variety of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries, which lead to increased production per unit area and a dramatic narrowing of the gap between population growth and food needs.
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Green Revolution
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Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods.
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Genetically Modified Organisms
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Also called the Public Land Survey, the system was used by the U.S. Land Office Survey to parcel land west of the Appalachian Mountians. The system divides land into a series of rectangular parcels.
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Rectangular Survey System
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A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.
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Township and Range System
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A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountians. It is a system that relies on the descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of it, the U.S. Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
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Metes and Bounds System
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Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas, whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
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Longlot Survey System
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System with the eldest son in a family-or, in exceptional cases daughter-inherits all of a dying parents land.
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Primogeniture
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Term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory type labor forces, and the latest technology.
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Commercial Agriculture
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Dependence on a single agriculture commodity.
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Monoculture
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Developed by Wladimir Koppen, a system for classifying the worlds climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
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Koppen Climatic Classification System
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Areas of the world with similar climatic characteristics.
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Climatic Regions
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Production system based on a large estate owned by a individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives.
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Plantation Agriculture
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Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
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Luxury Crops
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The raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other byproducts such as leather and wool.
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Livestock Ranching
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Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails.
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Mediterranean Agriculture
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The purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber.
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Agribusiness
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