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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
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time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
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CENSUS
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complete enumeration of a population
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CRUDE BIRTH RATE [CBR]
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total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
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CRUDE DEATH RATE [CDR]
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total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
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process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth/death rades and a low NIR to a condition of low birth/death rates, low NIR, and a higher total population
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DEMOGRAPHY
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scientific study of population characteristics
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DEPENDENCY RATIO
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number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force
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DOUBLING TIME
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number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION
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distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
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ECUMENE
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portion of earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
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INFANT MORTALITY RATE [IMR]
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total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
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LIFE EXPECTANCY
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average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions
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MEDICAL REVOLUTION
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medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many traditional causes of death in poorer countries
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NATURAL INCREASE RATE [NIR]
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percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
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OVERPOPULATION
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number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
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PANDEMIC
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disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
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PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY
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number of people per unit of area of arable land
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POPULATION PYRAMID
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bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
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SEX RATIO
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number of males per 100 females in the population
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TOTAL FERTILITY RATE [TFR]
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average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
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ZERO POPULATION GROWTH [ZPG]
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decline of the total fertility rate to the point where NIR = 0
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