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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AGNOSTICISM |
belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists
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ANIMISM |
belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit life and conscious life |
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ATHEISM |
belief that God does not exist |
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AUTONOMOUS RELIGION |
a religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally |
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BRANCH |
a large and fundamental division within a religion |
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CASTE |
the class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law |
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COSMOGONY |
a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe |
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DENOMINATION |
a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body |
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ETHNIC RELIGION |
a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated |
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FUNDAMENTALISM |
literal interpretation and strict adherence ro basic principles of a religion (or religious branch, denomination, sect) |
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GHETTO |
during the Middle ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure |
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HIERARCHICAL RELIGION |
a religion in which a central authority exercises a higher degree of control |
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MISSIONARY |
an individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion |
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MONOTHEISM |
belief in the existence of only one God |
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PAGAN |
a follower of a polytheistic religion |
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PILGRIMAGE |
a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes |
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POLYTHEISM |
belief in or worship of more than one god |
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SECT |
a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination |
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SOLSTICE |
an astronomical event that happens twice a year, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun's apparent position in the sky to reach its northernmost or southernmost extreme, resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year |
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SYNCRETIC |
a religion that combines several traditions |
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UNIVERSALIZING RELIGION |
a religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location (adopt themselves to places) |
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3 LARGEST UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS? |
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism |
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LARGEST ETHNIC RELIGION? |
Hinduism |
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DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAJOR RELIGIONS? |
Christianity: predominates in Europe and Western Hemisphere Buddhism: East Asia Hinduism: South Asia Islam: other regions of Asia, North Africa |
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MAJOR BRANCHES OF CHRISTIANITY? |
Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestant |
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DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR BRANCHES OF CHRISTIANITY? |
Roman Catholic: predominate in Latin America and southwest Europe Protestant: predominates in northwest Europe and Northern America Orthodox: Eastern Europe |
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MAJOR BRANCHES OF ISLAM AND BUDDHISM? |
Islam: Shiite and Sunni Buddhism: Mahayana and Theravada |
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DISTRIBUTION OF LARGEST ETHNIC RELIGIONS? |
Hinduism clustered primarily in India |
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORIGIN OF UNIVERSALIZING AND ETHNIC RELIGIONS? |
origin of universalizing religion: originated with a single historical individual, precise places based on important in the life of said individual
origin of ethnic religion: typically have unknown origins. Hinduism didn't originate with a specific founder-existed before recorded history-earliest document from around 1500 BC |
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PROCESS OF DIFFUSION FOR CHRISTIANITY? |
Christianity diffused through a combination of hierarchical (dominance in Roman Empire b/c Constantine embraced it) Relocation: missionaries, permanent resettlement, conversion. Excellent sea routes and road networks |
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PROCESS OF DIFFUSION FOR ISLAM? |
Muhammad's successors organized followers who extended the region of Muslim control over an extensive area. Controlled Palestine, Persian Empire, much of India resulting in conversion often through marriage Through relocation and diffusion of missionaries, Arab traders brought religion there in 13th century |
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PROCESS OF DIFFUSION FOR BUDDHISM? |
did not diffuse rapidly most responsible for the spread was Asoka who became Buddhist. Council organized to send out missionaries |
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LACK OF DIFFUSION OF ETHNIC RELIGIONS? |
limited, if any diffusion lack of missionaries who are devoted to converting people from other religions can diffuse if adherents migrate for economic reasons and aren't forced to adopt a strongly entrenched universalizing religion |
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PROCESS OF DIFFUSION BETWEEN UNIVERSALIZING AND ETHNIC RELIGIONS? |
Universalizing religions have diffused from their place of origin to other regions of the world
Ethnic religions typically don't diffuse far from place of origin |
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RELIGIONS HAVE PLACES OF WORSHIP, BUT THESE PLACES PLAY DIFFERENT ROLES FOR THE VARIOUS RELIGIONS |
Christianity: churches/ cathedrals used as a community place for worship-extremely important
Islam: mosques, MINARETS. pulpit facing Makkah, not seen as sanctified
Buddhism: pagodas, not designed for congregational worship, contains relics. very elaborate-stacks on stacks |
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WHY ARE SOME PLACES SACRED IN UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS? |
holy places derive from events in the founder's life
ex. Bodh Gaya, where Siddarth reached Enlightenment and became Buddha |
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WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY IN ETHNIC RELIGIONS? |
holy places derive from the physical geography where the religion's adherents are clustered |
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DISPOSAL OF THE DEAD FOR MAJOR RELGIONS? |
Christians, Muslims, and Jews usually bury their dead underground
Hindus generally practice cremation |
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CALENDERS AND HOLIDAYS OF ETHNIC AND UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS? |
in ethnic religions, holidays derive from the physical geography where the religion is clustered
in universalizing religions, holidays derive from to events in founder's life |
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HIERARCHICAL VS LOCALLY AUTONOMOUS
(GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ONE) |
religions can be divided into those that are administered through a hierarchy (Roman Catholic) or locally autonomous (Islam, or Protestant) |
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RELIGION VS GOVERNMENT POLICIES?
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Religious groups may oppose government policies seen as promoting social changer conflicting with traditional religious values
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RELIGION VS SOCIAL CHANGE?
DESCRIBE |
in developing countries, participation in the global economy and culture can expose local residents to values and beliefs originating in the Western Hemisphere
ex. Taliban vs Western Values- "stop being so Western"-soccer stadiums became places for public executions or beatings- strict laws about women |
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RELIGION VS COMMUNISM?
DESCRIBE |
communism-very atheistic. so when the Soviet Union spread communism, the use of churches and religion went down a lot. When Soviet Union broke apart, there was a religious revival |
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RELIGION VS RELIGION?
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In Ireland: Protestant (Northern Ireland) vs Catholicism (Republic of Ireland)
Palestine vs Israel |
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IMPORTANCE OF JERUSALEM TO JEWS AND MUSLIMS?
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most sacred space in Jerusalem for Muslims was built right on top of the most sacred space for Jews |
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JEWS VS CHRISTIANS VS MUSLIMS, WHY? |
fought over holy land because they've all claimed it as theirs because of the religious importance it had in their founders' life |
