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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Backward reconstruction |
The tracking of sound shifts in hardening of consonants backward toward the original language |
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Conquest theory |
One major theory of how proto - indo - European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers of proto- indo - European in spreads westwards on the horsebacks, over powering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion in differentiations of indo-European tongues |
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Deep reconstruction |
Technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to recreate the language that proceeded the extinct language |
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Dialects |
Local or regional characteristics of a language |
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Dispersal hypothesis |
Hypothesis which holds that the indo - European languages that arose from proto - indo - European where the 1st carried eastward into South West Asia next around the Caspian sea and then across the Russian - Ukrainian planes and on to the balkans |
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Germanic language |
Languages that reflect the expansion of people out of northern Europe to the West and South |
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Global language |
The language used most commonly around the world |
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Isogloss |
A geographic boundary within a particular linguistic feature occurs |
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Language |
A set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication |
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Language convergence |
Collapsing of 2 languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages |
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Language divergence |
New languages are formed when a language breaks into Dialects due to lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language in continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages |
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Language families |
Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin |
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Lingua franca |
A language used among speakers of different languages for the purpose of trade and commerce |
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Monolingual States |
Countries in which only one language is spoken |
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Multilingual states |
Countries in which more than one language is spoken |
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Mutual intelligibility |
The ability of 2 people to understand each other when speaking |
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Nostratic |
the language believed to be the ancestral language |
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Official language |
In multilingual countries a language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion |
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Pidgin languages |
When parts of 2 or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary |
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Proto-indo-European |
Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestry of indo - European languages that is the hearth of the ancient Latin ,Greek, in sanskirt languages which would link modern languages from Scandinavia to North Africa and from North America through parts of Asia to Australia |
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Romance languages |
Languages that lie in the areas doubt were once controlled by the Roman Empire but we're not subsequently overwhelmed |
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Salvic languages |
Languages that developed as salvic people migrated from a base in present day Ukraine closed to 2000 years ago |
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Sound shift |
Slight change in a word across languages with a sub family or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin |
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Standard language |
Them variant of a language that a country political in intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, governmment common the media, and other aspects of public life |
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Subfamilies |
Divisions within a language family where the commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent |
