Human Geo Chap 1-2

Front 1

What does the word “geography” mean?

Back 1

To describe the Earth

Front 2

Define “terra nullius,” and explain how/why this concept was developed in Roman Law. Additionally, explain how this idea was later utilized as a tool of colonialism.

Back 2

“No Man’s Land” Congress, European settlers to acquire new land

Front 3

a grouping of similar places with like characteristics

Back 3

Region

Front 4

Culture

Back 4

Learned, collective human behavior (process)
Ex: Behavior, speech, value, technology

Front 5

Terrain, climate, natural vegetation, wildlife, variations in soil, land & water

Back 5

Physical Environment

Front 6

What are the five geographical themes that the study of the Human Mosaic is organized around?

Back 6

Region, Mobility, Cultural Landscape, Nature-Culture, Globalization

Front 7

What are the three types of “region” discussed in class and explained in your textbook? Explain each type with a specific example.

Back 7

Vernacular, Formal, Functional

Front 8

An area lived by people who share one or more traits

Back 8

Formal Region

Front 9

Arabic-language/wheat-farming are examples of

Back 9

Formal Region

Front 10

Area that has been organized to function politically, socially, or economically as one unity

Back 10

Functional Region

Front 11

City, a church parish, a trade area, a farm, USA are_____

Back 11

Functional region

Front 12

A region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants (use of special regional name)

Back 12

Vernacular Region

Front 13

Appalachia, Dixie

Back 13

Vernacular

Front 14

Expansion with no regard for social class/importance, hierarchies

Back 14

Contagious diffusion

Front 15

The spread of HIV/Aids or other diseases are examples of _____

Back 15

Contagious Diffusion

Front 16

The spread of an innovation within an area in a snowballing process, growing in the total number and occurrence. Ex: religion

Back 16

Expansion

Front 17

The spread of an innovation from one important person to the next, trickling down to those with less power/importance

Back 17

Hierarchical diffusion

Front 18

Fashion industry reaching rural towns with a delay, sushi from celebrity

Back 18

Hierarchical diffusion

Front 19

individuals or cultural groups migrate from one location to another. Innovation spreads with migration

Back 19

Relocation diffusion

Front 20

Italian immigrants to New York City taught Irish-Americans how to make pizza (pizza, of course, originated in Italy). This concept is example of___

Back 20

Relocation diffusion

Front 21

a specific trait is rejected but the underlying idea is accepted

Back 21

Stimulus Diffusion

Front 22

Reindeer domestication by early Siberians=

Back 22

Stimulus Diffusion

Front 23

The interaction between culture and physical environments. The study of culture as an adaptive system that facilitates human adaption to nature and environmental change.

Back 23

Cultural ecology

Front 24

A territorially bounded system consisting of interacting organic and inorganic components

Back 24

Ecosystem

Front 25

environment shapes cultures. Humankind if a passive product of nature

Back 25

Environment determinism

Front 26

any physical environment offers a number of possible ways for culture to develop

Back 26

Possibilism

Front 27

Examples of Possibilism

Back 27

The physical environment offers opportunities and limitations (People make choices)/Tech?
Chongqing, China & San Fran, Cali

Front 28

Mental images of the physical environment shaped by knowledge, experience (Perception is “Cultural”)

Back 28

Environmental Perception

Front 29

The opposite of environmental determinism.

Back 29

Humans as modifiers

Front 30

4 examples of Humans as modifiers

Back 30

Continuous resources extractions (mining, logging, irrigation)
Use of certain types of air conditioners or spray cans
Plowing fields and grazing livestock
Increasing release of fossil-fuel emissions (greenhouse gases)

Front 31

because of socialization, women have been better ecologists and environmentalists than men

Back 31

Ecofeminism

Front 32

Visible human imprint on land includes all the built forms that cultural group create

Back 32

cultural landscape

Front 33

Examples of Cultural landscape

Back 33

roads, fields, cities, houses, parks, gardens, churches, temples

Front 34

Eric Sanderson and his colleagues collected data from many sources to reconstruct landscape/cultural ecology of historical Manhattan. What are the main sources that they have used in this project?

Back 34

Topography, georeferencing, historical maps, data sets, soil surveys, tree rings, historical accounts, Google Map

Front 35

rural people who live in an old-fashioned way

Back 35

Folk Culture

Front 36

Who are the Amish People

Back 36

American folk people

Front 37

Large groups of people, less attached to place and environment, more influenced by mass media. Police/Army take place of family and Church. Individualistic. Concentrated in urban areas.

Back 37

Popular Culture

Front 38

Explain the role that mass media often play in expansion of popular culture.

Back 38

Popular culture=the stronger influence
More influential

Front 39

Folk people's material and nonmaterial items

Back 39

Material=tangible items, mostly handmade or subsistence economy (barter) for folk culture
Nonmaterial=nontangible; strong family structures and localized rituals

Front 40

Pop culture's material and nonmaterial

Back 40

Material= Goods are mass-produced by machines. Cash economy
Nonmaterial: Human relationships are more numerous but less personal; family structure is weaker.

Front 41

“Native" Consists of the original inhabitants of a territory, usually few roads or modern communications.

Back 41

Indigenous Culture

Front 42

Discuss main similarities and differences that exist between “indigenous culture” and “folk culture.

Back 42

Folk and indigenous are rural. Indigenous has strong attachment to their home like folk; however, their histories and geographies are distinct.

Front 43

A cultural landscape that belongs to a certain group

Back 43

Folk landscape

Front 44

3 examples of Folk landscape

Back 44

beef wheel, Multi-level barn in Pennsylvania, African-American scraped-earth cemetery

Front 45

A spatial standardization that diminishes regional variety. Places become more and more similar.

Back 45

Placelessness

Front 46

rural Wisconsin might all look alike for urbanites, but for the Amish, the rolling hills of pasture, hay, and corn fields and their large vegetable gardens and woodlots are their intimate home.

Back 46

Placelessness

Front 47

the "cold, heartless" placelessness of downtowns are home to the homeless, whose knowledge and attachment to these places allows them to survive -- to find food, money, shelter, safety, friends, etc.

Back 47

Placelessness

Front 48

Compare and contrast the patterns of diffusion adopted by McDonald’s and Wal-Mart.

Back 48

McDonalds=Hierarchical diffusion
Wal-Mart=Contagious diffusion

Front 49

Cultures are becoming more alike

Back 49

Convergence Hypothesis

Front 50

How does the concept of Convergence hypothesis relate to “placelessness”?

Back 50

Hypothesis that globalization is leading to a homogenization of pop culture. The concept of globalization in both relation

Front 51

the changing of the world from many economies, cultures and societies into a single one. Countries are all coming together to develop one new idea.

Back 51

Globalization

Front 52

Buying or using brand products nationally.

Back 52

consumer nationalism

Front 53

Local resistance to globalization (boycotts of imported goods and invention of local alternatives)

Back 53

Consumer nationalism