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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biological Species Concept
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“groups of iinterbreediing naturall
popullatiions that are reproductiivelly iisollated from other such groups” -Mayr |
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What is a Syngameon?
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“The most iincllusiive uniit of iinterbreediing
iin a hybriidiiziing speciies group..” Grant (1981:74). -viable fertile offspring |
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Evolutionary Speciies Concept
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“a lliineage (an ancestrall-descendant
sequence of popullatiions) evollviing separatelly from others and wiith iits own uniitary evollutiionary rolle and tendenciies” -Simpson |
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Principle of Competitive Exclusion
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If there is niche overlap between two species:
1. One of the populations leaves the area so as to avoid competition. 2. One or both of the species/populations changes their behavior so as to minimize competition with the other species. 3. One of the populations is more successful at exploiting the niche; it prevails while the other goes extinct. |
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Homollogous
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Homollogous traiits are those that are the same iin two
organiisms due to a common oriigiin (iidentiicall by descent)..Hands, wings, claws |
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homopllastiic
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traiits are
those that onlly appear to be iidentiicall by descent,, but are siimiillar due to convergence or parallllelliism.. |
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plesiomorphie
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ancient homologue
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apomorphies
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recent homologues
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plesiomorphie
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ancient homologue
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apomorphies
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recent homologues
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negative allometry
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q
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positive allometry
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q
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isometry
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q
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Sahlanthropus tchadensis
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-found in west africa
-less prognathic face than Pan -relatively longer braincase and narrower basic cranium -flat nuchal plane -cheek teeth with thicker enamal -human and chimpanzee chromosome comaparison indicated a speciation event followed by hybrizization 6.3 mya -lived in gallery forest? |
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Orrorin tugenensis
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-It is said to have thick tooth enamel,
especially on its posterior teeth -intertrochanteric goove on the femur - It has a vertical groove along its mesial canine (genus) - Pointy canines, even more so than Ardipithecus (genus) -It has thick enamel on its molars (thicker or Homo more like – Ardipithecus than Australopithecus -3-d says it walked -femural neck thin at the top, thick at the bottom -dentition is small relative to body size |
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Ardipithecus kadabba
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-5.8-5.3 mya
-sectorial complex -curved proximinal phalanges -the canines had thickened enamel |
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Ardipithecus ramidus
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-4.5-4.3 mya
The canines have thickened enamel, and the upper elongated. mesiodistally canines are broad -Postcanine megadontia: large premolars and molars and molars relative to body size -Incisors are small relative to postcanine teeth - Foramen magnum anteriorly placed relative to the carotid forame - Temporomandibular joint lacks a definable articular eminence - Locomotor skeleton does not appear to be derived for terrestrial bipedalism -opposable big toe -pelvis is surprisingly short and human looking -less than 400 ccs for brain -rectangular molars |
