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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 types of diabetes?
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Diabetes inspidus
Diabetes mellitus |
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A lack of the hormone ADH is Diabetes (inspidus/mellitus)
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Inspidus
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A condition that occurs when inadequate uptake of glucose by the cells of the body causing high levels of glucose in the blood known as hyperglycaemia is diabetes (inspidus/mellitus)
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Mellitus
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(Type 1/Type 2) when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin action for the body's need - secretion of insulin is impaired
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Type 1
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When the body does not respond or is resistant to the effect of insulin - so levels of insulin are high but not causing the desired effect
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Type 2
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(Type 1/Type 2) is also known as insulin dependent
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Type 1
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(Type 1/Type 2) is also known as non-insulin dependent
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Type 2
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Insulin injection can correct this condition (Type 1/Type 2)
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Type 1
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(Type 1/Type 2) is when there is autoimmune destrcution of beta cell
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Type 1
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What is the main management of type 1 diabetes?
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Insulin injection
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Give an example of a long acting insulin
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Ultralente
Abalogues |
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Sulphonylureas (increase/decrease) insulin secretion
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Increase
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Meglitinde (increase/decrease) insulin secretion
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increase
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Thiazolidinediones (increase/decrease) insulin secretion
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Decrease
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What is PPAR?
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Transcription factor found in adipocytes, muscle and liver that increases transcription of various genes involved in glucose uptake
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PPAR forms a complex with receptor....
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Retinoid x receptor
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When PPAR binds to Retinoid x receptor this causes an increase in transcription of insulin sensitive genes such as
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GLUT4
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When glucose levels are low this stimulates the hypothalamus to (increase/decrease) sympathetic outflow
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increase
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When glucose levels are low alpha cells in the islet of langerhan (increase/decrease) glucagon secretion
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increase
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Cortisol causes an (increase/decrease) in glucogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis and therefore cause an increase in plasma glucose
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increase
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Diabetic risk developing ......... as they are overriding the body's natural negative feedback system
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Hypoglycaemia
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An increase in glucose levels causes an (increase/decrease) of glutathione
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decrease
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Diabetic retinopathy impairs _____ and _______ vision
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central and colour
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Capillary alteration in the eye leads to..........
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maculopathy
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What is diabetic nephropathy?
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Damage to the kidney due to long standing diabetes
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Microalbuminuria is the presence of tiny amounts of _____ in the urine
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proteins
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high glucose is also associated with the production of factors associated with cell damage such as...
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AGE
advanced glycation end product |
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What are the 3 future directions in diabetes research and treatment?
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Pancreas and islet cell treatment
Stem cell therapy Gene therapy |
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Drugs such as Gibenolamide or tolbutamide binds to _______ receptors on beta cells of plasma membrane
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SUR-1 / Sulphonylurea
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What is the effect of Gibenolamide or tolbutamide binding to Sulphonylurea receptors?
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closure of ATP sensitive K+ channels causing membrane depolarisation and opening of calcium channels for exocytosis of insulin granules
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patient is diabetic when it shows symptoms and then is given a random glucose test resulting in above or equal to ...
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11.1mmol/L
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A patient is diabetic if the fasting glucose is greater or equal to...
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7mmol/L
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