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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the proliferative stage, these glands increase in number
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Uterine glands
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In the proliferative stage, these arteries elongate...
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Spinal Arteries
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When the sperm binds/penetrates zona pellucida, acrosomal enzymes are released, the most important is...
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Acrosin, a serine protease
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When the sperm contacts the membrane of the secondary oocyte, this reaction occurs...
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Cortical Reaction
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In the cortical reaction, these lysosomes are released ___ and the ___ and ___ become impermeable to other sperm.
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In the cortical reaction Cortical Granules are released. The Zona Pellucida and the Oocyte membrane become Impermeable.
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True or False, when the sperm enters the cytoplasm of the secondary oocyte, the mitochondria of both the sperm and the oocyte is present.
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False, only the mitochondria of the secondary oocyte is present in its cytoplasm.
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Karogamy is...
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The fusion of nuclei of two cells
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When does the sperm nucleus enlarge?
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When the sperm and oocyte cell membrane fuse, the sperm nucleus enlarges to form the Male Pronucleus
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When does the secondary oocyte continue meiosis II?
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When the sperm and oocyte cell membrane fuse, the secondary oocyte completes meiosis II
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When the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II (after fusion of sperm and oocyte cell membr) this occurs in the nucleus of the mature ovum...
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Formation of female pronucleus
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oocyte containing male and female pronuclei is called...
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Ootid
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Male and female pronuclei fuse forming a...
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Zygote
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When the sperm binds/penetrates the zona pellucida, what reaction occurs?
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Acrosomal Reaction
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Cleavage is an ____ in which _____ are the object/thing involved.
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Clevage is an action, a series of mitotic divisions of teh zygote.
Blastomeres (cells) are the objects which rapidly increase in number. |
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The entire whole of the dividing blastomeres of the zygote is called...
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Blastula
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Cleavage occurs...
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as the zygote passes along uterine tube toward the uterus.
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Clevage begins
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about 30 hrs after fertilization
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After the 8-cell stage blastomeres...
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tightly align themselves against ea other to form a compact ball of cells (compaction)
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_____ is a cell surface adhesion protein on blastomere's surface
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Uvomorulin, it is involved in compaction
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The morula develops when...
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there are 12-32 blastomeres
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Blastocystic cavity is...
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a fluid-filled space that appears inside the morula
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How does the fluid get into the blastocystic cavity?
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It comes from the uterine cavity through the zona pellucida
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The conceptus/Morula is called ___
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blastocyst
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process in which the blastocystic cavity forms is...
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Cavitation
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Inner cell mass, called the ___ in the blastocyst becomes...
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Called the Embryoblast, becomes the embryo
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the outer cell mass of the blastocyst is now called ___ and it becomes...
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Now called trophoblast. It becomes the fetal part of the placenta
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_____ must degenerate in order for implantation to occur. ***
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Zona Pellucida ***
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When the zona pellucida degenerates, the blastocyst is now called...
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Late blastocyst
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Trophoblastic cells secrete trypsin-like enzymes so that this can occur...
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blastocyst can "hatch" from zona pellucida
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Implantation occurs when?
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approx 6 days after fertilization
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During implantation, where does the blastocyst settle?
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On the posteriosuperior wall of the uterus
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What does the trophoblast do when the blastocyst is implanted?
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Immediately proliferates and differentiates.
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What 2 layers does the trophoblast differentiat into?
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1. Cytotrophoblast (inner layer)
2. Syncytiotrophoblast (outer layer) |
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what type of nucleus does the syncytiotrophoblast have?
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multinucleated protoplasmic mass, in which NO cell boundaries can be seen
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What area is located near the syncytiotrophoblast proliferation? ***
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The Embryonic Pole ***
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The syncytiotrophoblast does this__ to ensure that the blastocyst is implanted. ***
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It secretes enzymes that erode into maternal tissues, enabling the blastocyst to burrow into endometrium ***
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On the surface of the embryoblast, this develops _____ ***
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Hypoblast ***
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Hypoblast is also called ***
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primary endoderm ***
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The hypoblast arises due to ***
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De-lamination of blastomeres from embryoblast ***
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hypoblast faces...
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blastocystic cavity
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After the sperm gets through corona radiata, which specific structure doe sit bind to on the zona pellucida?
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ZP3 receptors
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Mitotic divisions of a zygote is called?
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Clevage
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Clevage of the zygote forms?
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blastocyst
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The blastula consists of increasingly smaller cells called?
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Blastomeres
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What do blastomeres form?
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Morula
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Name the process by which a morula is formed and the main glycoprotein involved.
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The morula is formed by a proces called COMPACTION.
The main glycoprotein involved is uvomorulin |
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Fluid secreted within morula forms?
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Blastocystic cavity
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What is the conceptus called once a blastocoele exists?
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Early Blastocyst
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What are the two parts of the blastocyst?
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Trophoblast & Embryoblast
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Which part of the blastocyst forms the embryo?
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The Embryoblast
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What must be removed from the blastocyst before implantation can occur?
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Zona Pellucida
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What are the two parts of the trophoblast and which part is involved in implantation?
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1. Cytotrophoblast
2. Syncytiotrophoblast --involved in implantation |
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Where do the cytotrophoblasts migrate?
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They migrate into mass of syncytiotrophoblast, where the fuse and lose thier membranes
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What is the name of the hormone produced by syncytiotrophoblasts?
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Human chorionic gondadotrophin (hCG)
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What role does human chorionic gonadotrophin play in the body?
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It maintains the hormonal activity of the corpus luteum in ovary during pregnancy.
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What is the corpus luteum?
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it is an endocrine gland that secretes estrogen and progesterone to maintain the pregnancy
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What hormone is tested to see if a woman is pregnant?
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human chorionic gonadotrophin
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As implantation occurs, this appears in the embryoblast
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Amniotic Cavity
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Surrouding the amniotic cavity is a membrane called...
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Amnion
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The amnion is formed from these cells...
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amnioblasts
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What are 3 functions of the amniotic fluid
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1. cushion for fetus
2. Assists w/dilation of cervix during labor 3. used for analysis of fetal well being |
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What is an amniocentesis?
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Withdrawal of amniotic fluid to asses alpha fetal protein
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Embryoblasts differentiates into two distinct layers:
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1. Epiblast (dorsal/columnar cells)
2. Hypoblast (ventral/cuboidal cells; primitive endoderm) |
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epiblast and hypoblast form this structure...
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Bilaminar Embryonic Disk
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Hypoblast forms...
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exocoelomic membrane -- exocolomic cavity/primitive yolk sac/umbilical vesicle
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The hypoblasts are shaped like this ___ and eventually form ___ which is the future site of the mouth
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Prechordal plate
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Maternal blood flows in and out of this structure_____
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Lucunar network
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Embyroblasts recieve nutrition via ______ only during the implantation stage
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Diffusion
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The site of the first blood cells and germ cells _____
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Secondary umbilical vesicle
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Precursor of the umbilical cord is ____
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the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
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_____ covers the secondary umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)
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Extraembryonic visceral mesoderm
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Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm lines...
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the trophoblast and covers the amnion
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The extraembryonic visceral mesoderm...
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surrounds umbilical vescicle
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____ is vital in formation of placenta
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Chorion
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extraembryonic coelom is now called ___ when the extraembryonic mesoderm has developmed
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Chorionic Cavity
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