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255 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heart |
muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body. |
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atrioventricular valves |
consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves, which lie between the right atrium and right ventricle and the left atrium and left ventricle. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction. |
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semilunar valves |
pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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pericardium |
two-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous layer and an internal serous layer |
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three layers of the heart: epicardium |
covers the heart |
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three layers of the heart: myocardium |
middle, thick, muscular layer |
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three layers of the heart: endocardium |
inner lining of the heart |
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blood vessels |
tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body |
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arteries |
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells. |
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arterioles |
smallest arteries |
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aorta |
largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen |
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veins |
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. |
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venules |
smallest veins |
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venae cavae |
largest veins in the body |
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capillaries |
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules. Materials are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls |
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blood |
fluid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins |
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plasma |
clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended |
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cells (formed elements): erthrocytes |
red blood cells that carry oxygen; develop in bone marrow |
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cells (formed elements): leukocytes |
white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation |
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cells (formed elements): platelets (thrombocytes) |
one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process |
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cells (formed elements): serum |
clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed |
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lymph |
transparent, colorless, tissue fluid |
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lymphatic vessels |
transports lymph from the body tissues to a large vein in the chest |
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lymph nodes |
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue; filter substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents to keep them from entering the blood |
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spleen |
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; cleanses blood of microorganisms; stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells |
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thymus gland |
one of the primary lymphatic organs; plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly infancy to puberty |
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angi/o |
vessel |
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aort/o |
aorta |
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arteri/o |
artery |
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atri/o |
atrium |
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cardi/o |
heart |
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lymph/o |
lymph, lymph tissue |
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lymphaden/o |
lymph node |
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myel/o |
bone marrow |
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phleb/o, ven/o |
vein |
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plasm/o |
plasma |
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splen/o |
spleen |
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thym/o |
thymus gland |
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valv/o, valvul/o |
valve |
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ventricul/o |
ventricle |
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ather/o |
yellowish, fatty plaque |
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ech/o |
sound |
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electr/o |
electricity, electrical activity |
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isch/o |
deficiency, blockage |
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therm/o |
heat |
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thromb/o |
clot |
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brady- |
slow |
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pan- |
all, total |
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-ac |
pertaining to |
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-apheresis |
removal |
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-penia |
abnormal reduction in number |
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-poiesis |
formation |
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-sclerosis |
hardening |
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angioma |
tumor composed of blood vessels |
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angiostenosis |
narrowing of a blood vessel |
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aortic stenosis |
narrowing, pertaining to aorta |
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arteriosclerosis |
hardening of the arteries |
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atherosclerosis |
hardening of fatty plaque |
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bradycardia |
condition of a slow heart |
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cardiomegaly |
enlargement of the heart |
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cardiomyopathy |
disease of the heart muscle |
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endocarditis |
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
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myocarditis |
inflammation of the muscle of the heart |
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pericarditis |
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart |
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phlebitis |
inflammation of a vein |
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polyarteritis |
inflammation of many sites in the arteries |
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tachycardia |
condition of a rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats per minute) |
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thrombophlebitis |
inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot |
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valvulitis |
inflammation of a heart valve |
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erythrocytopenia |
abnormal reduction of red blood cells |
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hematoma |
tumor of blood |
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leukocytopenia |
abnormal reduction of white blood cells |
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multiple myeloma |
tumors of the bone marrow |
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pancytopenia |
abnormal reduction of all blood cells |
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thrombocytopenia |
abnormal reduction of blood clotting cells |
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thrombosis |
abnormal condition of a blood clot |
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thrombus |
blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or a vein |
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lymphadenitis |
inflammation of lymph nodes |
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lymphadenopathy |
disease of lymph nodes |
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lymphoma |
tumor of lymphatic tissue |
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splenomegaly |
enlargement of the spleen |
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thymoma |
tumor of the thymus gland |
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acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction |
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aneurysm |
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall |
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angina pectoris |
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle |
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arrhythmia |
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern |
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atrial fibrillation (AFib) |
cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria |
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cardiac arrest |
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
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cardiac tamponade |
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity |
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coarctation of the aorta |
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta |
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congenital heart disease |
heart abnormality present at birth |
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coronary artery disease (CAD) |
condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to denying the heart tissue sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally |
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deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body |
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heart failure (HF) |
condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen |
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hypertensive heart disease (HHD) |
disorder of the heat caused by persistent high blood pressure |
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intermittent claudication |
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking |
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ischemia |
condition of deficient blood flow due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessle |
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mitral valve stenosis |
narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring |
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myocardial infarction (MI) |
death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (heart attack) |
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peripheral arterial disease (PAD) |
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery |
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rheumatic heart disease |
damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever |
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varicose veins |
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities |
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anemia |
condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes |
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embolus |
blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation |
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hemophilia |
inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII |
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leukemia |
malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow |
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sepsis |
condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection |
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Hodgkin disease |
malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes |
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infections mononucleosis |
acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever |
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angioplasty |
surgical repair of a blood vessel |
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artherectomy |
excision of a fatty plaque |
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endarterectomy |
excision within the artery |
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pericardiocentesis |
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart |
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phlebectomy |
excision of a vein |
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phlebotomy |
incision into a vein |
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valvuloplasty |
surgical repair of a valve |
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splenectomy |
excision of the spleen |
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splenopexy |
surgical fixation of the spleen |
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thymectomy |
excision of the thymus gland |
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aneurysmectomy |
surgical excision of an aneurysm |
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atrial fibrilation ablation |
procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes the cells |
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cardiac pacemaker |
battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart |
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coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries |
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coronary stet |
supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery |
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embolectomy |
surgical removal of an embolus or clot, usually with a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot, then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bringing the clot with it |
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femoropopliteal bypass |
surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction |
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implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) |
device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm |
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intracoronary thrombolytic therapy |
injection of a medication to either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they become hardened |
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed |
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bone marrow aspiration |
procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study |
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bone marrow biopsy |
procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study |
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bone marrow transplant |
infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor |
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angiography |
radiographic imaging of blood vessels |
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angioscope |
instrument used for visual examination of the lumen of a blood vessel |
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angioscopy |
visual examination of the lumen of a blood vessel |
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aortogram |
radiographic image of the aorta |
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arteriogram |
radiographic image of an artery |
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venogram |
radiographic image of a vein |
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echocardiogram (ECHO) |
record of the heart structure and motion using sounds |
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electrocardiogram (ECC, EKG) |
record of electrical activity of the heart |
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electrocardiograph |
instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart |
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electrocardiography |
process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
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Coronary angiography |
an invasive procedure in which a catheter is inserted into the coronary vessels, contrast media are injected, and images are recorded |
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Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) |
noninvasive procedure that does not require catheterization or the injection of the dye and uses specialized MR imaging to study vascular structures |
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Computed tomography angiography (CTA) |
a noninvasive procedure that uses a high-resolution CT system to study vascular structures of the body after the injection of intravenous contrast media |
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Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) |
process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied. |
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Doppler ultrasound |
study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels |
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exercise stress test |
study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill |
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single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles, producing 3D images |
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thallium test |
nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery |
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transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) |
ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus , which provides views of the heart structures |
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cardiac catheterization |
diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels |
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impedance plethysmography (IPG) |
measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein |
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blood pressure (BP) |
pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls. |
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pulse |
rhythmic expansion of an artery, created by the contraction of the heart, that can be felt with a fingertip |
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sphygmomanometer |
device used for measuring blood pressure |
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C-reactive protein (CRP) |
blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body |
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creatine phosphokinase (CPK) |
blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis |
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homocysteine |
blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood |
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lipid profile |
blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids in a sample of blood |
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troponin |
blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme |
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coagulation time |
blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot |
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compete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff) |
laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
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hematocrit (HCT) |
blood test used to measure the volume of erythrocytes |
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hemoglobin (Hgb) |
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (hemoglobin) in the erythrocytes |
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prothrombin time (PT) |
blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulant medication |
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Cholesterol |
a compound important in the production of sex hormones, steroids, cell membranes, and bile acids |
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high-density lipoprotein (HDL) |
a type of lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and transports it to the liver to be excreted in the bile |
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low-density lipoprotein (LDL) |
a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to the tissue and deposits it on the walls of the arteries |
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total cholesterol |
the total amount of cholesterol contained in the HDL and LDL |
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triglycerides (TGs) |
a form of fat in the blood; synthesized in the liver and used to store energy |
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very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) |
a type of lipoprotein that transports most of the triglycerides in the blood |
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atrioventricular (AV) |
pertaining to the atrium and the ventricle |
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cardiac |
pertaining to the heart |
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cardiogenic |
originating in the heart |
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cardiologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart |
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cardiology |
study of the heart |
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hypothermia |
condition of body temperature that is below normal |
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intravenous |
pertaining to within the vein |
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phlebologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins |
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phlebology |
study of the vines |
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hematologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood |
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hematology |
study of the blood |
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hematopoiesis |
formation of blood cells |
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hemolysis |
dissolution of red blood cells |
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hemostasis |
stoppage of bleeding |
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myelopoiesis |
formation of bone marrow |
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plasmapheresis |
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood |
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thrombolysis |
dissolution of a clot |
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bruit |
abnormal vascular sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through arteries or veins |
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation |
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defibrillation |
application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm |
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diastole |
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions |
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extracorporeal |
occurring outside the body |
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extravasation |
escape of blood from he blood vessel into the tissue |
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fibrillation |
rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles |
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hypercholesterolemia |
excessive amounts of cholesterol in the blood |
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hyperlipidemia |
excessive amounts of fats in the blood |
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hypertension |
blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 140/90) |
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hypertriglyceridemia |
excessive amounts of triglycerides in the blood |
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hypotension |
blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60) |
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lipids |
fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure |
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lumen |
space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel |
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murmur |
abnormal cardiac sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart |
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occlude |
to close tightly, to block |
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systole |
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and eject blood |
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vasoconstrictor |
agent of nerve that narrows the blood vessels |
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vasodilator |
agent of nerve that enlarges the blood vessels |
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venipuncture |
procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, instill a medication, or start and intravenous infusion |
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anticoagulant |
agent that slows the blood clotting process |
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blood dyscrasia |
abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
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hemorrhage |
rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding |
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allergen |
environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body |
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allergist |
physician who studies and treats allergic conditions |
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allergy |
hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory response |
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anaphylaxis |
exaggerated, life-threatening response to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex |
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antibody |
substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivates or destroys antigens |
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antigen |
substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body |
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autoimmune disease |
disease caused by the body's inability to distinguish between its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antigens that attack its own tissues |
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immune |
being resistant to specific invading pathogens |
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immunodeficiency |
deficient immune response caused by the immune system dysfunction brought on by disease or immunosuppressive drugs |
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immunologist |
physician who studies and treats immune system disorders |
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immunology |
the branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders |
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phagocytosis |
process in which some of the white blood cells destroy the invading microorganism and old cells |
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vaccine |
suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity |
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ACS |
acute coronary syndrome |
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AFib |
atrial fibrillation |
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AV |
atrioventricular |
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BP |
blood pressure |
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CABG |
coronary artery bypass graft |
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CAD |
coronary artery disease |
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CBC and Diff |
complete blood count and differential |
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CCU |
coronary care unit |
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CPK |
creatine phosphokinase |
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CPR |
cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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CRP |
C-reactive protein |
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DSA |
digital subtraction angiography |
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DVT |
deep vein thrombosis |
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ECG, EKG |
electrocardiogram |
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ECHO |
echocardiogram |
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Hct |
hematocrit |
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HF |
heart failure |
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Hgb |
hemoglobin |
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HHD |
hypertensive heart disease |
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ICD |
implantable cardiac defibrillator |
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IPG |
impedance plethysmography |
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IV |
intravenous |
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MI |
myocardial infarction |
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PAD |
peripheral arterial disease |
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PT |
prothrombin time |
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PTCA |
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
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RBC |
red blood cell |
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SPECT |
single-photon emission computed tomography |
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TEE |
transesophageal echocardiogram |
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WBC |
white blood cell |
