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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continuity - Discontinuity |
Continuity - LITTLE to BIGGER. Gradual small steps w/o sudden changes, children gaining weight from year to year
Discontinuity - TADPOLE to FROG development stages: rapid transitions from one stage to another. boy hits puberty Abrupt |
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Universal vs Context Specific |
Is development similar from person to person and from culture to culture or do pathways of development vary considerably depending on the social context |
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biopsychosocial |
bio - genetic predispositions psycho - thoughts, beliefs, lifestyle, stress social - evironments, cultural, family, peers |
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Development Stages |
Prenatal Period: conception to birth Infancy: 0-2 years Preschool: 2-5/6 Middle childhood: 6-10 yrs Adolescense: 10-18 yrs Emerging adulthood: 18-25 yrs Early adulthood: 25-40 Middle Adulthood: 40-65 Late adulthood 65 + |
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Psychodynamic |
Freudian point of view - getting "inside of the mind" -"unconsicous" -"rooted from childhood experiences NOT JUST FREUD |
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theory |
set of concepts & propositions intedned to describe and explain certain phenomena |
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Debriefing |
Telling the people what the purpose of the study was so that they are aware of what they were studied for |
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Naturalistic Obesrvation VS Structured Observation |
Naturalistic: in everyday surroundings, at home, etc. Structured: Greater control over conditions under which data is captured |
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Piaget Stages (years) |
Sensorimotor: birth- 2 years Preoperational: 2-7 years Concrete Operations: 7-11 years Formal Operations: 11-12 +++ |
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Sensorimotor |
Time: (birth - 2 years) use senses & motor skills to explore/understand innate reflexes, but develop "intelligent" actions BY END: can use symbolic thoughts using images/words to plan solutions |
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Preoperational |
Time: (2-7 years) develop language/engage in pretend/solve probs thinking isn't logical. egocentric (cant imagine being in other shoes) easily fooled. fail conservation probs. |
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Concrete Operational |
time: (7-11 years) mentally calssify, add & act on concrete objects in their head. solve practical probs thru trail&error approach but have difficulty w/hypothetical |
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Formal Operations |
Time: (11-12 years) think about abstract concepts and purely hypothetical possibilities & can trace the long-range cosequences. w/age & experience can form a hypothesis and test them using scientific method |
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Information-processing theory |
basic mental processes involved in attention, perception, memory, & decision making. Sensory registor - brief, seconds Short term memory - chunks 7 +-2 long term memory permanent & unlimited |
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John Watson |
LEARNING THEORIST Classical Conditioning - stimulus comes to elicit a response thru its associatin w/ an unconditions stimulus. ALBERT baby getting fear of rat because of the big clan. PLEASANT ASSOCIATIONS, PHOBIAS |
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B.F Skinner |
LEARNING THEORIST Operant Conditioning- Learning involves reacting to the consequences of one's behaviro (reinforcement and punishment) SKILLS; GOOD & BAD HABITS |
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Albert Bandura |
LEARNING THEORIST Observational Learning - learning involves watching a model & thru vicarious reinforcment or punishment, the consequcens of the model's behavior SKILLS, COGNITIONS, & BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING ONES THAT THE LEARNER HAS NOT BEEN DIRECTLY REINFORED FOR DISPLAYING |
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Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model |
how biology & environcemnt interact to produce development |
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Microsystem |
Bronfenbrenner Immediate physical and social environment in which the person interacts face-to-face w/other people & influcences is affected by them Biological & Psychosocial characteristics (home, daycare, school, peers) PERSON W/BIOLOGICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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Mesosytem |
Bronfenbrenner consists of interrelationships between two or more microsystems. EX: school probs still to at home probs, which makes more probs MORE THAN ONE. |
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Exosystem |
Bronfenbrenner consists of linkages involving social settings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development. PARENTS WORKPLACES & SOCIAL NETWORKS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT |
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Macrosystem |
Bronfenbrenner is the larger cultural context in which the microsystem, mesosystem, & exosystem are embedded, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, BROADER CULTURE, |
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Chronosystem |
Bronfenbrenner to capture the idea that people & their environments & the relations between the 2 change over time & unfold in particular patterns or sequences over a person's lifetime PATTERNING OF EVENTS OVER TIME |
