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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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systematic observation
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involves watching people and carefully recording what they do or say
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naturalistic observation
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people are observed as they behave spontaneously in some real-life situation
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structured observations
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differ from naturalistic observations in that the researcher creates a setting that is particularly likely to elicit the behavior of interest
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self reports
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simply people's answers to questions about the topic of interest
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reliability
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a measure is the extent to which it provides a consistent index of a characteristic
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validity
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a measure refers to wheter it really measures what researchers think it measures
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populations
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broad groups of people
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sample
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virtually all studies include only this
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correlational study
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investigators look at relations between variables as they exist naturally in the world
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correlation coefficient
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expresses the strength and direction of a relation between two variables
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experiment
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a systematic way of manipulating the key factor that the investigator thinks causes a particular behavior
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independent variable
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the factor being manipulated
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dependent variable
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the factor being observed
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longitudinal study
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the same individuals are observed or tested repeatedly at different points in their lives
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meta-analysis
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a tool that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies to stimate relations between variables
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