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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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middle childhood
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the period between early childhood and early adolescence, approximately from ages 7-11.
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BMI (body mass index)
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a person's number expressing the relationship of height to weight of any age group.
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overweight
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in an adult, having a BMI of 25-29, in a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control's 1980 standards for children of a given age.
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obesity
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in an adult, having a BMI of 30 or more. In a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control's 1980 stamdards for children of a given age.
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asthma
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a chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airways from the nose and mouth to the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. Signs and symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
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reaction time
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the time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically (with a reflexive movement such as an eye blink) or cognitively (with thought).
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selective attention
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the ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others.
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automatization
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a process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought.
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aptitude
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the potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge.
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IQ test
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a test designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school. Originally, intelligence was difined as mental age divided by chronological age, times 100-hence the term intelligence quotient, or IQ.
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achievement test
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a measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, mathematics, writing, science, or some other subject.
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
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an IQ test designed for school-age children. The test assesses potential in many areas, including vocabulary, general knowledge, memory, and spatial comprehension.
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Flynn effect
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the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.
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mental retardation
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Literally, slow, or late, thinking. In practice, people are considered mentally retarded if they score below 70 on an IQ test and if they are markedly behind their peers in adaptation to daily life.
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developmental psychopathology
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the field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders, and vice versa.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
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The American Psychiatric Association's official guide to the diagnosis (not treatment) of mental disorders. (IV_TR means "fourth edition, text revision.")
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attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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a condition in which a person not only has great difficulty concentrating for more that a few moments but also is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive.
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comorbidity
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the presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.
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learning disability
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a marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment.
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dyslexia
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usually difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.
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autism
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a developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorption, and an inability to acquire normal speech.
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autistic spectrum disorder
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any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication, and unusual play.
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Asperger syndrome
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a specific type of autistic spectrum disorder, characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding.
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individual education plan (IEP)
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a document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs.
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least restrictive environment (LRE)
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a legal requirement that children with a special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn.
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resource room
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a room in which trained teachers help children with special needs, using specialized curricula and equipment.
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inclusion
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an approach to educating children with special needs in which they are included in regular classrooms, with "appropriate aids and services," as required by law.
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children with special needs
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children who, because of a physical or mental disability, require extra help in order to learn.
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