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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensorimotor intelligence
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Piaget's term for the way infants think-by using their senses and motor skills- during the 1st period of cognitive development.
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primary circular reactions
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The 1st of 3 types of feedback loops in sensorimotor intelligence, this 1 involving the infant's own body. The infant senses motion, sucking, noise, and other stimuli, and tries to understand them.
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secondary circular reactions
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The 2nd of the 3 types of feedback loops in sensorimotor intelligence, this 1 involving people and objects. Infants respond to other people, to toys, and to any other object they can touch or move.
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object permanence
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The reaction that objects (including people) still exist when they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.
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tertiary circular reactions
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The 3rd of 3 types of feedback loops in sensorimotor intelligence, this 1 involving active exploration and experimentation. Infants explore a range of new activities, varing their responses as a way of learning about the world.
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"little scientist"
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The stage 5 toddler (age 12-18 months) who experiments without anticipating the results, using trial and error in active and creative exploration.
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deferred imitation
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A sequence in which an infant 1st perceives something that someone else does and then performs the same action a few hrs or days later.
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habituation
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The process of getting used to an object or event through repeated exposure to it.
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fMRI
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Functional magnet resonance imaging, a measuring technique in which the brain's electrical excitement indicates activation anywhere in the brain, fMRI helps researchers locate neurological responses to stimuli.
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information processing theory
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A perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis of data, including sensory input, connections, stored memories, and output.
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affordance
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An opportunity for perception and interaction that is offered by a person, place, or object in the environment.
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visual cliff
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An experimental apparatus that gives an illusion of a sudden dropoff between 1 horizontal surface and another.
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dynamic perception
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Perception that is primed to focus on movement and change.
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people preference
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A universal principle of infant perception, consisting of an innate attraction to other humans, which is evident in visual, auditory, tactile, and other preference.
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reminder sesion
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A perceptual experience that is intended to help a person recollect an idea, a thing, or an experience, without testing whether the person remembers it at the moment.
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child-directed speech
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The highly pitched, simplified, and repetitive way adults speak to infants. (Also called baby talk or motherese.)
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babbling
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The extended repetion of certain syllables, such as ba-ba-ba, that begins when babies are between 6 and 9 months old.
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holophrase
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A single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought.
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naming explosion
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A sudden increase in an infant's vocabulary, especially in the number of nouns, that begins at about 18 months of age.
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grammar
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All the methods-word order, verb forms, and so on-that languages use to communicate meaning, apart from the words themselves.
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language aquisition device (LAD)
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Chomsky's term for a hypothesized mental structuer that enbles humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation.
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