Human Development Ch. 13

Front 1

industry vs inferiority

Back 1

The fourth of Erikson's eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.

Front 2

latency

Back 2

Freud's term for middle childhood during which children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet (latent). Freud thought that sexual conflicts from earlier stages are only temporarily submerged, bursting forth again at puberty.

Front 3

social comparison

Back 3

The tendency to assess one's abilities, acheivements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people , especially one's peers.

Front 4

effortful control

Back 4

The ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination.

Front 5

resilience

Back 5

The capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress.

Front 6

family structure

Back 6

The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on.

Front 7

family function

Back 7

The way a family works to meet the needs of its members. Children need families to provide basic material necessities, to encourage learning, to help them develop self-respect, to nurture friendships, and to foster harmony and stability.

Front 8

nuclear family

Back 8

A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18.

Front 9

single-parent family

Back 9

A family that consists of only one parent and his or her biological children under age 18.

Front 10

extended family

Back 10

A family of three or more generations living in one household.

Front 11

polygamous family

Back 11

A family consisting of one man, several wives, and the biological children of the man and his wives.

Front 12

blended family

Back 12

A stepparent family that includes children born to several families, such as the biological children from the spouses' previous marriages and the biological children of the new couple.

Front 13

culture of children

Back 13

The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.

Front 14

aggressive-rejected

Back 14

Rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior.

Front 15

withdrawn-rejected

Back 15

Rejected by peers because of timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior.

Front 16

social cognition

Back 16

The ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior.

Front 17

bullying

Back 17

Repeated, systematic effects to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.

Front 18

bully-victim

Back 18

Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well. (Also called provocative victims because they do things that elicit bullying, such as stealing a bully's pencil.

Front 19

preconventional moral reasoning

Back 19

Kohlberg's first level of moral reasoning, emphasizing rewards and punishments.

Front 20

conventional moral reasoning

Back 20

Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning, emphasizing social rules.

Front 21

postconventional moral reasoning

Back 21

Kohlberg's third level of moral reasoning emphasizing moral principles.